The best bike photography of the year?

The best bike photography of the year?

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  • The best bike photography of the year?
  • Love Lorentz Holder’s shot, brilliant!

    If my photography answer is dictated by “which would i put on my wall”..

    Hannes Berger….

    The rest are IMO absolutely bloody awful.

    I am left rather nonplussed by a load of those. They seem rather artificial and contrived.
    Frankly, STW has better photos regularly.

    I am definitely drawn to the more “natural/riding” type of shots than the “arty/farty” end of the scale.
    Have that Jb Liautard shot on my screensaver roll.
    Maybe an STW equivalent to PB Photo of the Year (forum members not paid staff/contributors) might be an interesting idea?

    Love this

    Screenshot_20231205-104555

    Red Bull, so preferably both wheels off the ground, but at least one. Or trials, so a sense of precariousness.
    It’s not for me; I’m also in the ‘STW covers are better’ camp.

    Maybe an STW equivalent to PB Photo of the Year (forum members not paid staff/contributors) might be an interesting idea

    Yes please…

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The auction giving you the rare chance to buy footballing artworks at affordable prices

The auction giving you the rare chance to buy footballing artworks at affordable prices

Sporting memorabilia makes big money. Think of Michael Jordan’s Nikes, which sold for $1.4 million, or Diego Maradona’s “Hand of God” shirt ($9 million). It also makes smaller money, in quantities. Specialist auctioneers Graham Budd in Northamptonshire have a sale today of more than 1,000 items, ranging from a 1958 West Ham vs Manchester United programme at £30 to a silver salver presented to footballing legend Billy Wright estimated at £30,000. 

But what about art representing sport? There is nothing to speak of in Budd’s auction, and in the contemporary field, the most memorable work I’ve previously seen was at Art Basel – a 2006 film by Douglas Gordon and Philippe Parreno of Zinedine Zidane and his famous headbutt (an edition bought by the National Gallery of Scotland for £200,000 in 2006). In fact, there has never been a single collection of football-related art at auction – until now.

In a first of its kind, a collection of more than 100 paintings and cartoons inspired by the beautiful game has just gone on view at Bonhams, where online bidding has commenced. The collection was almost bought in 2018 by the National Football Museum in Manchester, but the funding could not be found. Last year it was offered by the Chris Beetles Gallery in its entirety for a reported £1.5 million, but individuals only wanted parts so it was not sold. Now, not wishing to keep it in storage, its elderly owner has decided to disperse it to the winds so more people can enjoy its parts. Estimates range from £100 to £100,000 so almost anyone can participate until noon on December 13, when bidding closes.

The story of the collection begins 25 years ago at the fashionable upmarket London eatery, Le Caprice, when St James’s art dealer Chris Beetles sat down for lunch with a wealthy client who was, like him, a football fan. Beetles had supported Spurs since he was 11. The only clue he gives as to the identity of his client is that he is from the Midlands and had been the chairman of a Premier League club. The two decided to acquire original works of art with football as their subject. 

They would not, it was agreed, go for sporting ephemera; just the art. And they would focus on the history of the sport, and the social involvement that went with it – the crowds and supporters as well as the players. But where was the art to be found? As Beetles says: “Until recent decades, when football became the nation’s favourite sport and the democracy of wealth had given it superstar status, it has always been regarded as the working man’s pastime. So previously artists have not routinely been able to attract clients and patrons to the artworks with as much enthusiasm as those depicting ‘upper class’ sports, such as cricket, horse racing, motor racing, rugby, tennis, croquet and shooting.”




Ronald Searle’s Molesworth in the Jug Agane cartoon is estimated to sell for £3000-£4000

A good starting point was Beetles’s own gallery, where he specialised in original cartoons and illustrations for magazines and newspapers for regular illustrators’ exhibitions in which sport was a consistent category.

These were not expensive, and Beetles was able to mop up all the best examples that came to auction. One of their earlier buys was a Giles cartoon of a lone reveller by a snowbound pitch made for the Sunday Express in 1969 bought for £750 at Sotheby’s in 1998. In 2001, a Ronald Searle drawing of the schoolboy Molesworth, with a football cost them a triple estimate £3,290. 

Other cartoonists they bought who had turned their hand to football were Reg Wootton, whose rotund dynamo, Sporting Sam, graced the pages of the Sunday Express in the 1940s, Norman Thelwell, better known for his ponies, Louis Wain for his cats, Roy Ullyett from the Daily Express, and Larry from Punch and Private Eye. All saw football’s funny side.

At the same time, Beetles and his collector were looking at more serious art. A favourite provenance they discovered was the first Football Association prize for a football painting in 1953, won by LS Lowry’s Going to the Match (recently sold for £7.8 million). They tried for another Lowry football painting in 2007 but were outbid by the Professional Footballers’ Association at £1.1 million. But the collection does boast other works that were in this competition by Bernard Dunstan, Stanley Roy Badmin and Michael Bernard Critchlow.




Stanley Roy Badmin’s RWS depicts a match between Charlton and Arsenal in the early 1950s

Badmin’s watercolour – inscribed “Here They Come! The Valley”, with reference to Charlton Athletic’s home ground – depicts the crowd, stadium and players at a match in the early 1950s between Charlton and Arsenal. Bought in 1998 for a record £8,800, it is now estimated at a tempting £7,000. Also in the 1953 exhibition was Bernard Critchlow’s view of a match from between the stands at Fulham’s Craven Cottage. This doubled estimates at Christie’s in 2005 at a record £30,000, and now has a tame £15,000 estimate.

Further records were set when they bought a panoramic view of an Aston Villa vs Sunderland match in the 1950s by the little-known Birmingham artist Henry Cotterill Deykin for £5,300, for which a mere £7,000 is expected; and a wonderfully observed view of the crowds, some climbing trees to watch a third round FA Cup tie between Manchester City and the popular Corinthians in 1926 at Crystal Palace by Charles Cundall. Bought at Christie’s in 2003 for a triple estimate £49,350, it is now expected to fetch double that.

Although the cartoons in this sale outnumber the paintings by 10:1, they might be bought for as little as £100 each. In terms of prices, it is the more serious paintings that will win the day.


Where Rembrandt rubs shoulders with Damien Hirst

While the contemporary art travelling circus lands in Florida this week for the Art Basel Miami Beach fair, London maintains its traditional winter focus on historical art as dealers stage a panoply of exhibitions known as London Art Week. Viewing is already underway, and special mention should be made of Eros, a new gallery in St James’s which places sculptures by Rodin side-by-side with his lesser-known contemporary Aime-Jules Dalou for the first time. Also, Colnaghi’s, now Spanish owned, has assembled a rare solo exhibition by the Spanish modern master, Joaquin Sorolla, as a worthwhile postscript to the 2019 exhibition at the National Gallery.




Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait in a cap, wide-eyed and open-mouthed (1630)


Credit: Christies Images Limited.

This sets the scene for London’s Old Master auctions which are estimated to bring around £60 million this week. Sotheby’s touts the highest value lot in a rediscovered Rembrandt at £10 to £15 million, but Christie’s may have the last laugh with the highest value sales. A few years ago, in the face of dwindling sales totals for Old Master paintings, Christie’s rebranded by calling their series ‘Classic Art Week’ to make it sound sleeker and sexier. In addition to its routine Old Master sales – led this year by a sumptuous pair of rediscovered Canaletto paintings of Venice (£8 to £12 million) – there is a £5 million sale devoted to the Josefowitz collection of Rembrandt prints, the largest private collection ever assembled, which includes no less than six etched self-portraits. Dating from his earliest in 1629 to his largest in 1639, each brimming with character, they are estimated to be worth between £15,000 to £120,000 each.  

Less expected will be the sight of contemporary works by Antony Gormley and Damien Hirst whose golden The Severed Head of Medusa (2013) was part of his imagined shipwreck of ancient treasures that was shown at two Francois Pinault Foundation venues in Venice in 2017, and is now estimated at £500,000. The contemporary works are part of a series of sales from the £7.5 million collection of Christian Levett who is renowned for combining Old Masters and antiquities with modern and contemporary art which he turned into a museum near Cannes as a model for collectors to explore within their own collections. But after 12 years he has decided to empty the museum and fill it instead with works solely by female artists, notably abstract expressionists. With the boom in rediscovered female artists of the 20th century going strong, one wonders how far that £7.5 million will go.


Art Market Focus runs on the first Tuesday of each month

AP PHOTOS: Photographers in Asia capture the extraordinary, tragic and wonderful in 2023

AP PHOTOS: Photographers in Asia capture the extraordinary, tragic and wonderful in 2023

TOKYO (AP) — Individually, the photographs are the product of a moment, capturing glimpses of joy, grief, rage, hope, and resilience.

As a whole, the work this year of Associated Press photojournalists in Asia forms a visual patchwork quilt, an extraordinary reflection of the varied panoply of human experience in one of the world’s most fascinating regions.

Some of these pictures delight. Some horrify.

Some, even after repeated examination, retain a sense of mystery.

Take an American ballerina, clad in shimmering white, caught in a blur of revolving motion as she rehearses in China. Or a Muslim bride who gazes pensively through a saffron-colored veil during a mass wedding ceremony in Indian-controlled Kashmir.

Or footprints left in a patch of green moss after prayers in New Delhi.

Footprints are seen on the moss ridden roof of Jama Masjid during Eid al-Adha prayers, in New Delhi, India, Thursday, June 29, 2023. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Footprints are seen on the moss ridden roof of Jama Masjid during Eid al-Adha prayers, in New Delhi, India, Thursday, June 29, 2023. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

In Malaysia, a base jumper dives from a tower above the sparkling city lights of Kuala Lumpur at night. Blood splatters like raindrops from the tattooed body of a Filipino penitent as he flagellates himself to atone for sins.

There is violence and tragedy here, too.

An enraged young man leaps onto the fallen body of a security officer in Bangladesh. Ethnic Rohingya wade through the surf, their meager belongings clutched in their hands, after being denied refuge in Indonesia.

As with many great news photographs, a single image is often all it takes to illustrate the complex political and social currents that sweep through the region.

A dozen police officers in Hong Kong, for instance, surround a single woman as they march her away on the eve of the 34th anniversary of China’s Tiananmen Square massacre.

A blurred double image shows Russian President Vladimir Putin as he delivers a speech in China.

Russian President Vladimir Putin delivers a speech during the Belt and Road Forum at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, Wednesday, Oct. 18, 2023. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)

Russian President Vladimir Putin delivers a speech during the Belt and Road Forum at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, Wednesday, Oct. 18, 2023. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)

A group of men help support the elderly Dalai Lama after the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader speaks to a group of students, his flowing robes blending into those of the monks around him.

Some of this year’s most powerful photos reveal the beautiful, often deadly power of nature.

A vast ocean of stars glitters in the night sky over traditional sheepskin tents in remote Mongolia. Whales dive in a harbor near Sydney, their tails poised above the water in lovely synchronicity.

A veil of sand and dust seems to envelop a man wearing a green mask as he walks among Beijing’s office buildings.

And in the Philippines, lava flows like red icing down the black slopes of a volcano.

Lava flows down the slopes of Mayon volcano as seen from Legazpi, Albay province, northeastern Philippines, Thursday, June 15, 2023. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

Lava flows down the slopes of Mayon volcano as seen from Legazpi, Albay province, northeastern Philippines, Thursday, June 15, 2023. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

Tamang community members perform rituals during Temal festival at Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal, Wednesday, April 5, 2023. Tamangs light butter lamp and perform rituals to pay homage to deceased loved ones on this day. (AP Photo/Niranjan Shrestha)

Tamang community members perform rituals during Temal festival at Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal, Wednesday, April 5, 2023. Tamangs light butter lamp and perform rituals to pay homage to deceased loved ones on this day. (AP Photo/Niranjan Shrestha)

A woman wearing a face mask walks by an advertisement outside a commercial office building in Beijing, Monday, Feb. 20, 2023. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

A woman wearing a face mask walks by an advertisement outside a commercial office building in Beijing, Monday, Feb. 20, 2023. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

Indonesian Muslims perform an evening prayer called 'tarawih' marking the first eve of the holy fasting month of Ramadan, at Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, March 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim)

Indonesian Muslims perform an evening prayer called ‘tarawih’ marking the first eve of the holy fasting month of Ramadan, at Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, March 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Achmad Ibrahim)

A girl runs as she plays in a fountain at a shopping mall in Beijing, Friday, June 23, 2023. Authorities issued a rare red alert for high temperatures in parts of China's capital on Friday, the highest level of warning, as highs were expected to once again climb to around 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Farenheit). (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)

A girl runs as she plays in a fountain at a shopping mall in Beijing, Friday, June 23, 2023. Authorities issued a rare red alert for high temperatures in parts of China’s capital on Friday, the highest level of warning, as highs were expected to once again climb to around 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Farenheit). (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)

People dance and throw colors at each other to celebrate Holi, the Hindu festival of colours, in Hyderabad, India, Monday, March 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A.)

People dance and throw colors at each other to celebrate Holi, the Hindu festival of colours, in Hyderabad, India, Monday, March 6, 2023. (AP Photo/Mahesh Kumar A.)

A robot face capable of mimicking human-like expressions is displayed near robotic arms at the annual World Robot Conference at the Beijing Etrong International Exhibition and Convention Center in Beijing, Wednesday, Aug. 16, 2023. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)

A robot face capable of mimicking human-like expressions is displayed near robotic arms at the annual World Robot Conference at the Beijing Etrong International Exhibition and Convention Center in Beijing, Wednesday, Aug. 16, 2023. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)

Ethnic Rohingya disembark from their boat upon landing in Ulee Madon, North Aceh, Indonesia, Thursday, Nov. 16, 2023. Some 240 Rohingya Muslims, including women and children, are afloat off the coast of Indonesia after two attempts to land were rejected by local residents. The boat left again a few hours later following the rejection. (AP Photo/Rahmat Mirza)

Ethnic Rohingya disembark from their boat upon landing in Ulee Madon, North Aceh, Indonesia, Thursday, Nov. 16, 2023. Some 240 Rohingya Muslims, including women and children, are afloat off the coast of Indonesia after two attempts to land were rejected by local residents. The boat left again a few hours later following the rejection. (AP Photo/Rahmat Mirza)

A man walks by a large screen at a shopping mall showing CCTV broadcasting news of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant began releasing its first batch of treated radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, in Beijing, Thursday, Aug. 24, 2023. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

A man walks by a large screen at a shopping mall showing CCTV broadcasting news of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant began releasing its first batch of treated radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, in Beijing, Thursday, Aug. 24, 2023. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

Hindu devotees crowd the Sangam, the confluence of the rivers, the Ganges, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati, to take a holy dip on Mauni Amavasya, or the new moon day which is the most auspicious day during the annual month long Hindu religious fair “Magh Mela” in Prayagraj, India, Saturday, Jan. 21, 2023. (AP Photo/Satya Prakash)

A man holds an umbrella against strong wind and rain as he walks on a street Friday, June 2, 2023, in Tokyo, as a tropical storm was approaching. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

A man holds an umbrella against strong wind and rain as he walks on a street Friday, June 2, 2023, in Tokyo, as a tropical storm was approaching. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

An Indian Army soldier carries his child and walks past graduating soldiers from the first batch of Agniveer scheme during their graduation ceremony in Bengaluru, India, Friday, Aug. 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Aijaz Rahi)

An Indian Army soldier carries his child and walks past graduating soldiers from the first batch of Agniveer scheme during their graduation ceremony in Bengaluru, India, Friday, Aug. 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Aijaz Rahi)

Elena Rybakina of Kazakhstan plays a backhand return to Victoria Azarenka of Belarus during their semifinal match at the Australian Open tennis championship in Melbourne, Australia, Thursday, Jan. 26, 2023. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)

Elena Rybakina of Kazakhstan plays a backhand return to Victoria Azarenka of Belarus during their semifinal match at the Australian Open tennis championship in Melbourne, Australia, Thursday, Jan. 26, 2023. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)

Folk artists wait to participate in a procession marking 'Atham', the first day of the ten-day-long Onam festival in Kochi, Kerala state, India, Sunday, Aug.20, 2023. (AP Photo/R S Iyer)

Folk artists wait to participate in a procession marking ‘Atham’, the first day of the ten-day-long Onam festival in Kochi, Kerala state, India, Sunday, Aug.20, 2023. (AP Photo/R S Iyer)

People cremate their relatives who died from heat-related illnesses, as a scorching heat wave overwhelmed hospitals and filled a morgue to capacity in Ballia, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Monday, June 19, 2023. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

People cremate their relatives who died from heat-related illnesses, as a scorching heat wave overwhelmed hospitals and filled a morgue to capacity in Ballia, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Monday, June 19, 2023. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

Members of an honor guard march during a ceremony to mark Myanmar's 76th anniversary of Union Day in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, Sunday, Feb. 12, 2023. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo)

Members of an honor guard march during a ceremony to mark Myanmar’s 76th anniversary of Union Day in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, Sunday, Feb. 12, 2023. (AP Photo/Aung Shine Oo)

A village girl places flowers on the feet of a wild elephant that succumbed to injuries after being hit by a speeding train at Kurkria village, outskirts of Guwahati, India, Thursday, Aug 10, 2023. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

A village girl places flowers on the feet of a wild elephant that succumbed to injuries after being hit by a speeding train at Kurkria village, outskirts of Guwahati, India, Thursday, Aug 10, 2023. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

A base jumper dives at night from the Kuala Lumpur Tower during KL Tower International Jump in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Saturday, Feb. 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Vincent Thian)

A base jumper dives at night from the Kuala Lumpur Tower during KL Tower International Jump in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Saturday, Feb. 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Vincent Thian)

A toddler peeks out of a plastic curtain on a cold day in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir, Thursday, Nov 23, 2023. (AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan)

A toddler peeks out of a plastic curtain on a cold day in Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir, Thursday, Nov 23, 2023. (AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan)

A woman whose family members are trapped under rubble wails after a landslide washed away houses in Raigad district, western Maharashtra state, India, Thursday, July 20, 2023. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

A woman whose family members are trapped under rubble wails after a landslide washed away houses in Raigad district, western Maharashtra state, India, Thursday, July 20, 2023. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

Kolkata Knight Riders' cricketer Rahmanullah Gurbaz celebrates after scoring his fifty runs during the Indian Premier League cricket match against Gujarat Titans, in Kolkata, India, Saturday, April 29, 2023. (AP Photo/Bikas Das )

Kolkata Knight Riders’ cricketer Rahmanullah Gurbaz celebrates after scoring his fifty runs during the Indian Premier League cricket match against Gujarat Titans, in Kolkata, India, Saturday, April 29, 2023. (AP Photo/Bikas Das )

Members of Meira Paibis, powerful vigilante group of Hindu majority Meitei women, march toward the site of a gunfight in Kangchup, near Imphal, capital of the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, Thursday, Jun 22, 2023. A deadly conflict in Manipur between two communities since May have left more than 130 people dead. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

Members of Meira Paibis, powerful vigilante group of Hindu majority Meitei women, march toward the site of a gunfight in Kangchup, near Imphal, capital of the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, Thursday, Jun 22, 2023. A deadly conflict in Manipur between two communities since May have left more than 130 people dead. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

Supporters of the Move Forward Party display mobile phones with flash lights on during a protest in Bangkok, Thailand, Sunday, July 23, 2023. The demonstrators are protesting that Thailand's Constitution is undemocratic, because it allowed Parliament to block the winner of May's general election, the Move Forward Party, from naming its leader as the new prime minister, even though he had assembled an eight-part coalition that had won a clear majority of seats in the House of Representatives. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

Supporters of the Move Forward Party display mobile phones with flash lights on during a protest in Bangkok, Thailand, Sunday, July 23, 2023. The demonstrators are protesting that Thailand’s Constitution is undemocratic, because it allowed Parliament to block the winner of May’s general election, the Move Forward Party, from naming its leader as the new prime minister, even though he had assembled an eight-part coalition that had won a clear majority of seats in the House of Representatives. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

A man tries to recover a vehicle submerged in mud in the flood-affected area along the Teesta river in Rongpo, east Sikkim, India, Sunday, Oct. 8. 2023. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

A man tries to recover a vehicle submerged in mud in the flood-affected area along the Teesta river in Rongpo, east Sikkim, India, Sunday, Oct. 8. 2023. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

Villagers gather around a well to draw water in Telamwadi, northeast of Mumbai, India, Saturday, May 6, 2023. Collecting water from outside wells is a common task in this rural area, which has seen increasing protests as more river water from dams is diverted to urban areas. (AP Photo/Dar Yasin)

Villagers gather around a well to draw water in Telamwadi, northeast of Mumbai, India, Saturday, May 6, 2023. Collecting water from outside wells is a common task in this rural area, which has seen increasing protests as more river water from dams is diverted to urban areas. (AP Photo/Dar Yasin)

Police officers take away a member of the public in the Causeway Bay area on the eve 34th anniversary of China's Tiananmen Square massacre in Hong Kong, Saturday, June 3, 2023. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)

Police officers take away a member of the public in the Causeway Bay area on the eve 34th anniversary of China’s Tiananmen Square massacre in Hong Kong, Saturday, June 3, 2023. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)

Rescuers carry the body of a victim at the site of passenger trains that derailed in Balasore district, in the eastern Indian state of Orissa, Saturday, June 3, 2023. Two passenger trains derailed, killing more than 280 people and injuring hundreds in one of the country's deadliest rail crashes in decades. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

Rescuers carry the body of a victim at the site of passenger trains that derailed in Balasore district, in the eastern Indian state of Orissa, Saturday, June 3, 2023. Two passenger trains derailed, killing more than 280 people and injuring hundreds in one of the country’s deadliest rail crashes in decades. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)

A Filipino penitent flagellates himself as part of Maundy Thursday rituals to atone for sins or fulfill vows for an answered prayer on April 6, 2023 at Mandaluyong city, Philippines. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

A Filipino penitent flagellates himself as part of Maundy Thursday rituals to atone for sins or fulfill vows for an answered prayer on April 6, 2023 at Mandaluyong city, Philippines. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

Pita Limjaroenrat, wearing white shirt, leader of Move Forward Party, waves to his supporters, in Bangkok, Monday, May 15, 2023. Fresh off a stunning election victory in which they together captured a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, Thailand's top two opposition parties began planning Monday for the next stage in their bid to replace the military-dominated government. (AP Photo/Wason Wanichakorn)

Pita Limjaroenrat, wearing white shirt, leader of Move Forward Party, waves to his supporters, in Bangkok, Monday, May 15, 2023. Fresh off a stunning election victory in which they together captured a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, Thailand’s top two opposition parties began planning Monday for the next stage in their bid to replace the military-dominated government. (AP Photo/Wason Wanichakorn)

A U.S Army CH-47 Chinook helicopter transports a M777 howitzer during a joint military drill between South Korea and the United States at Rodriguez Live Fire Complex in Pocheon, South Korea, Sunday, March 19, 2023. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

A U.S Army CH-47 Chinook helicopter transports a M777 howitzer during a joint military drill between South Korea and the United States at Rodriguez Live Fire Complex in Pocheon, South Korea, Sunday, March 19, 2023. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama is helped by attending monks after he addressed a group of students at the Tsuglakhang temple in Dharamshala, India, Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2023. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama is helped by attending monks after he addressed a group of students at the Tsuglakhang temple in Dharamshala, India, Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2023. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

People gather to watch others playing in the mud in a paddy field on Asar Pandra, or paddy planting day, at Bahunbesi, Nuwakot District, 30 miles north of Kathmandu, Nepal, Friday, June 30, 2023. (AP Photo/Niranjan Shrestha)

People gather to watch others playing in the mud in a paddy field on Asar Pandra, or paddy planting day, at Bahunbesi, Nuwakot District, 30 miles north of Kathmandu, Nepal, Friday, June 30, 2023. (AP Photo/Niranjan Shrestha)

A man poses for a photo sitting outside the glass cage of a Bengal tiger at the national zoological garden in Colombo, Sri Lanka, Tuesday, June. 27, 2023. (AP Photo/Eranga Jayawardena)

A man poses for a photo sitting outside the glass cage of a Bengal tiger at the national zoological garden in Colombo, Sri Lanka, Tuesday, June. 27, 2023. (AP Photo/Eranga Jayawardena)

Stars light up the night sky over Lkhaebum's ger, a portable, round tent insulated with sheepskin, in the remote Munkh-Khaan region of the Sukhbaatar district, in southeast Mongolia, Tuesday, May 16, 2023. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

Stars light up the night sky over Lkhaebum’s ger, a portable, round tent insulated with sheepskin, in the remote Munkh-Khaan region of the Sukhbaatar district, in southeast Mongolia, Tuesday, May 16, 2023. (AP Photo/Manish Swarup)

A Kashmiri man cools off at a stream on a hot summer day on the outskirts of Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir, Tuesday, July 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan)

A Kashmiri man cools off at a stream on a hot summer day on the outskirts of Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir, Tuesday, July 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan)

Dancers wait to perform during the opening of Bali Arts Festival in Bali, Indonesia, Sunday, June 18, 2023. (AP Photo/Firdia Lisnawati)

Dancers wait to perform during the opening of Bali Arts Festival in Bali, Indonesia, Sunday, June 18, 2023. (AP Photo/Firdia Lisnawati)

Whales swim past as a fisherman stands in his boat at Boat Harbour north of Sydney, Australia, Monday, June 12, 2023. More than 40,000 whales make their way along the NSW coast on their northern migration, known as the Humpback Highway, from May to November each year. (AP Photo/Mark Baker)

Whales swim past as a fisherman stands in his boat at Boat Harbour north of Sydney, Australia, Monday, June 12, 2023. More than 40,000 whales make their way along the NSW coast on their northern migration, known as the Humpback Highway, from May to November each year. (AP Photo/Mark Baker)

Cricket fans arrive to watch the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup final match between Australia and India at Narendra Modi stadium in Ahmedabad, India, Sunday, Nov. 19, 2023. (AP Photo/Ajit Solanki)

Cricket fans arrive to watch the ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup final match between Australia and India at Narendra Modi stadium in Ahmedabad, India, Sunday, Nov. 19, 2023. (AP Photo/Ajit Solanki)

A private car warehouse is submerged in water from River Hindon following excessive rains, in Greater Noida, out skirts of New Delhi, India, Wednesday, July 26, 2023. (AP Photo/Piyush Nagpal)

A private car warehouse is submerged in water from River Hindon following excessive rains, in Greater Noida, out skirts of New Delhi, India, Wednesday, July 26, 2023. (AP Photo/Piyush Nagpal)

A washerman washes clothes on the banks of the river Brahmaputra on World Water Day in Guwahati, India, Wednesday, March 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

A washerman washes clothes on the banks of the river Brahmaputra on World Water Day in Guwahati, India, Wednesday, March 22, 2023. (AP Photo/Anupam Nath)

China's Qin Haiyang competes during the men's 4x100m medley relay swimming final at the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, China, Tuesday, Sept. 26, 2023. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

China’s Qin Haiyang competes during the men’s 4x100m medley relay swimming final at the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, China, Tuesday, Sept. 26, 2023. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

Activists of the the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party attack security officers during a protest in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, Oct. 28, 2023. The protestors demanded the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the transfer of power to a non-partisan caretaker government to oversee general elections next year. (AP Photo/Mahmud Hossain Opu)

Activists of the the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party attack security officers during a protest in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, Oct. 28, 2023. The protestors demanded the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the transfer of power to a non-partisan caretaker government to oversee general elections next year. (AP Photo/Mahmud Hossain Opu)

A man wearing a face mask walks on an overhead bridge against the office buildings in the central business district as dust and sand storm sweeps through Beijing, Thursday, April 13, 2023. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

A man wearing a face mask walks on an overhead bridge against the office buildings in the central business district as dust and sand storm sweeps through Beijing, Thursday, April 13, 2023. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

American Ballet Theater's ballerina Devon Teuscher rehearses for a performance at the Shanghai Grand Theater in Shanghai, Thursday, Nov. 2, 2023. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)

American Ballet Theater’s ballerina Devon Teuscher rehearses for a performance at the Shanghai Grand Theater in Shanghai, Thursday, Nov. 2, 2023. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)

Mini, a nurse, trims the nails of Saradammal at the Signature Aged Care in Kochi, Kerala state, India, March 6, 2023. In the last 60 years, the percentage of those aged 60 and over in India's Kerala state has shot up from 5.1% to 16.5% — the highest proportion in any state. This makes Kerala an outlier in a country with a rapidly growing population, soon to be the world's most populous at 1.4 billion. (AP Photo/ R S Iyer)

Mini, a nurse, trims the nails of Saradammal at the Signature Aged Care in Kochi, Kerala state, India, March 6, 2023. In the last 60 years, the percentage of those aged 60 and over in India’s Kerala state has shot up from 5.1% to 16.5% — the highest proportion in any state. This makes Kerala an outlier in a country with a rapidly growing population, soon to be the world’s most populous at 1.4 billion. (AP Photo/ R S Iyer)

A participant at the Pride Parade in Bangkok, Thailand, Sunday, June 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

A participant at the Pride Parade in Bangkok, Thailand, Sunday, June 4, 2023. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

A man on a motorcycle crosses a suspension bridge over the Bagmati river in Lalitpur, Nepal, Monday, March 27, 2023. (AP Photo/Niranjan Shrestha)

A man on a motorcycle crosses a suspension bridge over the Bagmati river in Lalitpur, Nepal, Monday, March 27, 2023. (AP Photo/Niranjan Shrestha)

Spotify’s Layoff Memo and the Art of Delivering Bad News

Spotify’s Layoff Memo and the Art of Delivering Bad News

It has become a staple of the modern corporate downsizing: the public CEO layoff letter. Before a company cuts workers, many executives send an all-staff email explaining what went wrong. Then the company typically shares it online.

Such missives, sent this year at companies including Meta, Salesforce and Amazon, often follow a familiar structure, providing some rationale for the job cuts while saying an often-awkward goodbye to departing staffers.

Copyright ©2023 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

The 1973 Scull auction was a harbinger of today’s market, but its meaning is still misunderstood

The 1973 Scull auction was a harbinger of today’s market, but its meaning is still misunderstood

Although art professionals have been pummelled for months by reminders that 2023 marks 50 years since Picasso’s death, it’s not the most consequential golden anniversary in the art market this year. To me, that honour goes to the (in)famous auction of 50 works by living American artists from the collection of New York taxicab magnates Robert and Ethel Scull, staged on 18 October 1973 at the Madison Avenue headquarters of Sotheby Parke-Bernet (which shopping mall kingpin A. Alfred Taubman acquired and rebranded as Sotheby’s one decade later).

“The Scull sale”, as it is colloquialised today, has since become accepted among many, if not most, knowledgeable art sellers as a moment when the future of the trade arrived. Although this reputation is ultimately justified, the 50th anniversary also represents an opportunity to untangle the outsized mythology the sale has accumulated from the more complex reality it entailed. Doing so reveals the auction was still a harbinger of what was to come in the art business—just not quite to the extent people tend to believe.

For the uninitiated, the auction involved the Sculls offering 50 pieces they had acquired on the primary market since the 1950s, by a selection of artists that ranged from pioneers of Abstract Expressionism to rising stars of Pop art. In many cases, the artists in question were not only living but also still relatively young; Lee Bontecou, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist and Andy Warhol, all of whom had at least one work go under the hammer that night, were then between the ages of 39 and 45.

The sale as a whole made more than $2.2m with fees and set multiple auction records for individual artists and works of various classifications. In the process, the consensus holds, it also solidified a new art world order in which canny speculation on artists in their twenties and thirties could pay off tremendously within ten to 20 years, popularising the practice of rapid resale for “wet paint” artists.

Yet the Scull sale is remembered as much for its controversy as for its commerce, best encapsulated in a post-auction confrontation between Rauschenberg and Robert Scull captured by a documentary film crew. The incident involved the artist accusing the collector of profiting undeservedly off his hard work in the studio, and Scull knowingly retorting that he and Rauschenberg actually “work for each other”, since the artist’s primary-market prices would only benefit from his impressive public auction results.

Still, the energy around the auction skewed more positive than negative, largely thanks to innovative marketing by Scull and Sotheby Parke-Bernet. The auction house produced a lavish catalogue on the 50 lots in the sale and toured the works to Europe in the weeks leading up to the big night; both of these were exceptional when it came to auctioning works of contemporary art at the time. Ethel Scull arrived to the evening sale wearing a Halston gown customised with the logo of the family’s taxi company, Scull’s Angels, simultaneously burnishing the brand and trolling the taxi drivers protesting the Sculls’ opulent lifestyle outside. And then there was that documentary crew recording everything.

“To sell paintings at auction, you have to be a bit of a marketing genius,” says Lisa Dennison, Sotheby’s chairman, Americas. “[Robert] Scull was a marketing genius.”

All these aspects sound thoroughly modern: the anxiety over the commoditisation of contemporary art, the frustrations with the lack of an artist’s resale royalty in the US and the multi-pronged marketing blitz engineered to boost the sale. No wonder recent analysis of these themes tends to cast the Scull sale as an instant turning point for the trade. But the historical record suggests the changes it presaged were both more modest and slower-arriving than they appear in the rear-view mirror.

Hits, misses and sure things

Again, the main reason we remember the 1973 Scull auction was its achievement of huge prices for many of the still-breathing artists whose work crossed the block. By making $240,000, Jasper Johns’s Double White Map (1965) became the most expensive work by a living American artist, the most expensive work of Pop art and the most expensive work by any American artist in the 20th-century. Painted Bronze, Johns’s 1960 sculpture of two Ballantine Ale cans, became the priciest sculpture by a living American artist at $90,000. The auction also delivered new artist records for Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Larry Poons, Rauschenberg and James Rosenquist, according to the next day’s New York Times recap of the auction.

Still, a deeper dive into the contemporaneous reporting on the Scull sale shows that it also anticipated the evening sales of our era in its unevenness. Although the premium-inclusive $2,242,900 brought that night established a new high for an auction of works of contemporary American art, a meditation by the writer Alexander Cockburn in The Village Voice reveals that the total only landed in the middle of the presale estimate range of $1.85m to $2.5m (calculated without fees).

The New York Times recap further punctures the Sculll sale’s reputation as a wire-to-wire success, calling it “disappointing in several aspects” and adding: “Most of the items put up for sale failed to reach the expected maximums estimated by Sotheby Parke-Bernet, and many of them failed to reach expected minimums, and there were scattered ‘Ohs’ and ‘Ahs’ as many of these pieces went under the hammer.”

Cockburn, who attended the auction, details some of these lesser results. The third lot, a John Chamberlain polyurethane sculpture, went for $1,400 against a target of $4,000 to $6,000. Aside from the aforementioned De Kooning record-setter, the other two paintings by the artist in the sale sold for $60,000 and $80,000, both “well under their estimates”. A Bontecou assemblage went for $7,500—just beneath its $8,000 low estimate—and an Oldenburg sculpture also sold for “less than expected”. (After the sale, Cockburn writes, a source at Sotheby Parke-Bernet alleged that five of the 50 lots actually passed, but spokespeople for the auction house “categorically deny this”.)

Yet these disappointing moments had less of a negative effect on the Sculls than people might realise. Why? Because ahead of the sale, they had done something else that both set the template for later generations of consignors and slightly undercut the mythology of the 1973 auction’s success: negotiated for the house to pay a financial guarantee for all 50 lots.

Although guarantees were already a part of the auction sector’s modus operandi by October 1973, at that time the houses generally only agreed to pay them for major works by European Old Masters. If the Sculls were not the first collectors to secure one for works by living artists, they were almost certainly the first to secure one for such a large group of works by living artists. The amount of the guarantee was not publicised, just as in such deals today, but Cockburn does assert at the end of his piece that Scull “received a check for around $1m” from the sale, while Sotheby Parke-Bernet “made something more than $200,000 on the evening’s activity”.

The larger point is this: The Scull sale proved the secondary market was running hot for living post-war artists from multiple movements. But that outcome was still uncertain enough to convince the Sculls that they were better off accepting a sure thing than risking a potential disaster in hopes of an even bigger payday.

Oracle or outlier?

The 1973 Scull auction lives on in art market history as the apotheosis of high-end commerce transformed into a VIP social event. So many spectators arrived that Sotheby Parke-Bernet had to ease them into the building in groups of ten, with most having to be seated in overflow rooms equipped with TVs simulcasting the proceedings in the main gallery—a setup Dennison of Sotheby’s calls “the first livestream, in a way”.

Despite the auction houses’ best efforts, however, in retrospect the event is less a template-setter than an apex that has rarely, if ever, been reached again.

“Now it’s in large part the trade and then the people secreted up in skyboxes,” Dennison says of the crowds at major evening sales. “You come and do your duty and get out to have dinner by 8 o’clock.”

Powerful as Scull and Sotheby Parke-Bernet’s marketing was in driving the jet set to the auction room, Cockburn’s contemporaneous account of the sale suggests the excitement was short-lived for anyone without a financial stake in the proceedings. After Johns’s White Map sold for a record $240,000, Cockburn writes, the inconvenient truth of the auction settled on those assembled: “On and on we go: a bored pall descends. Everyone realises it is a matter of listening to a cash register for an hour.”

This reality check of the mood necessitates another about the sale’s ultimate legacy. Although the Scull auction has been mythologised in hindsight as the market event that legitimised high-dollar, rapid resales of works by living artists, the truth is more complicated—whether you look further back from 18 October 1973, or further forward.

To the first point, it’s not uncommon for people in the trade to miscast the Scull sale as the first time a collector ever used an auction house to offer lots by artists still drawing breath. This is “simply not true”, says Olav Velthuis, a professor at the University of Amsterdam specialising in economic sociology. The earliest modern example, he says, is probably the sale of works owned by the Peau de l’ours (Skin of the bear) consortium—now considered the first art fund—at the Parisian auction house Drouot in 1914.

In fact, the Sculls had previously sold pieces by living artists, albeit at a much smaller scale, in two auctions prior to 1973: a 1965 sale comprising 12 works that brought a combined $165,000 (the proceeds of which went to establishing the Robert and Ethel Scull Foundation), and a 1970 sale of four works that made $197,000 in total.

Looking forward from the 1973 Scull auction, there is also little, if any, evidence that other collectors of contemporary art rushed to follow in the couple’s footsteps. “It did not mean that the next season we saw this and that estate” at auction, says Dennison of the sale’s success. Velthuis adds that the 1973 Scull auction “surely did not trigger a whole series of comparable sales soon afterwards”. The most proximate examples he could offer were the 1988 auction of select contemporary works from the Burton and Emily Hall Tremaine collection, the 1988 sale of Andy Warhol’s personal collection and the 1989 auction of the Paul Mellon collection.

But even these possibilities deviate from the Sculls’ completely discretionary sale of contemporary works in 1973. The first two examples were precipitated by the deaths of Emily Hall Tremaine and Warhol, respectively. The Mellon sale was discretionary, but the works offered were largely, if not entirely, Impressionist and Modern.

In fact, if you want to know who was behind the next notable collection of contemporary works to reach auction for any reason, the best answer is probably the Sculls themselves.

Overshadowed by the 1973 auction is the fact that Robert and Ethel Scull entered into divorce proceedings only two years later. The battle over who was entitled to which assets raged for another 11 years, and it may have gone on even longer had Robert not died in 1986. His death led to a pair of back-to-back auctions at Sotheby’s that same year to disperse the couple’s holdings, with Ethel being awarded only a 35% share of the proceeds by the courts. (Relatedly, the official title of the 1973 sale was “Works From the Collection of Robert C. Scull”, a fact later used against Ethel to argue that she was less than an equal partner in their art acquisitions.)

When it comes to the 1973 auction, then, Robert Scull’s greatest marketing success was not the number of spectators at Sotheby Parke-Bernet that night, the ample contemporaneous media coverage of the sale or the record prices achieved there. It was the way these elements have gone on to produce a kind of shadow puppet in the art market’s memory: what we have come to see from afar looks more substantial than what was actually there.

The 1973 Scull auction was a harbinger of today’s market, but its meaning is still misunderstood

The 1973 Scull auction was a harbinger of today’s market, but its meaning is still misunderstood

Although art professionals have been pummelled for months by reminders that 2023 marks 50 years since Picasso’s death, it’s not the most consequential golden anniversary in the art market this year. To me, that honour goes to the (in)famous auction of 50 works by living American artists from the collection of New York taxicab magnates Robert and Ethel Scull, staged on 18 October 1973 at the Madison Avenue headquarters of Sotheby Parke-Bernet (which shopping mall kingpin A. Alfred Taubman acquired and rebranded as Sotheby’s one decade later).

“The Scull sale”, as it is colloquialised today, has since become accepted among many, if not most, knowledgeable art sellers as a moment when the future of the trade arrived. Although this reputation is ultimately justified, the 50th anniversary also represents an opportunity to untangle the outsized mythology the sale has accumulated from the more complex reality it entailed. Doing so reveals the auction was still a harbinger of what was to come in the art business—just not quite to the extent people tend to believe.

For the uninitiated, the auction involved the Sculls offering 50 pieces they had acquired on the primary market since the 1950s, by a selection of artists that ranged from pioneers of Abstract Expressionism to rising stars of Pop art. In many cases, the artists in question were not only living but also still relatively young; Lee Bontecou, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist and Andy Warhol, all of whom had at least one work go under the hammer that night, were then between the ages of 39 and 45.

The sale as a whole made more than $2.2m with fees and set multiple auction records for individual artists and works of various classifications. In the process, the consensus holds, it also solidified a new art world order in which canny speculation on artists in their twenties and thirties could pay off tremendously within ten to 20 years, popularising the practice of rapid resale for “wet paint” artists.

Yet the Scull sale is remembered as much for its controversy as for its commerce, best encapsulated in a post-auction confrontation between Rauschenberg and Robert Scull captured by a documentary film crew. The incident involved the artist accusing the collector of profiting undeservedly off his hard work in the studio, and Scull knowingly retorting that he and Rauschenberg actually “work for each other”, since the artist’s primary-market prices would only benefit from his impressive public auction results.

Still, the energy around the auction skewed more positive than negative, largely thanks to innovative marketing by Scull and Sotheby Parke-Bernet. The auction house produced a lavish catalogue on the 50 lots in the sale and toured the works to Europe in the weeks leading up to the big night; both of these were exceptional when it came to auctioning works of contemporary art at the time. Ethel Scull arrived to the evening sale wearing a Halston gown customised with the logo of the family’s taxi company, Scull’s Angels, simultaneously burnishing the brand and trolling the taxi drivers protesting the Sculls’ opulent lifestyle outside. And then there was that documentary crew recording everything.

“To sell paintings at auction, you have to be a bit of a marketing genius,” says Lisa Dennison, Sotheby’s chairman, Americas. “[Robert] Scull was a marketing genius.”

All these aspects sound thoroughly modern: the anxiety over the commoditisation of contemporary art, the frustrations with the lack of an artist’s resale royalty in the US and the multi-pronged marketing blitz engineered to boost the sale. No wonder recent analysis of these themes tends to cast the Scull sale as an instant turning point for the trade. But the historical record suggests the changes it presaged were both more modest and slower-arriving than they appear in the rear-view mirror.

Hits, misses and sure things

Again, the main reason we remember the 1973 Scull auction was its achievement of huge prices for many of the still-breathing artists whose work crossed the block. By making $240,000, Jasper Johns’s Double White Map (1965) became the most expensive work by a living American artist, the most expensive work of Pop art and the most expensive work by any American artist in the 20th-century. Painted Bronze, Johns’s 1960 sculpture of two Ballantine Ale cans, became the priciest sculpture by a living American artist at $90,000. The auction also delivered new artist records for Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Larry Poons, Rauschenberg and James Rosenquist, according to the next day’s New York Times recap of the auction.

Still, a deeper dive into the contemporaneous reporting on the Scull sale shows that it also anticipated the evening sales of our era in its unevenness. Although the premium-inclusive $2,242,900 brought that night established a new high for an auction of works of contemporary American art, a meditation by the writer Alexander Cockburn in The Village Voice reveals that the total only landed in the middle of the presale estimate range of $1.85m to $2.5m (calculated without fees).

The New York Times recap further punctures the Sculll sale’s reputation as a wire-to-wire success, calling it “disappointing in several aspects” and adding: “Most of the items put up for sale failed to reach the expected maximums estimated by Sotheby Parke-Bernet, and many of them failed to reach expected minimums, and there were scattered ‘Ohs’ and ‘Ahs’ as many of these pieces went under the hammer.”

Cockburn, who attended the auction, details some of these lesser results. The third lot, a John Chamberlain polyurethane sculpture, went for $1,400 against a target of $4,000 to $6,000. Aside from the aforementioned De Kooning record-setter, the other two paintings by the artist in the sale sold for $60,000 and $80,000, both “well under their estimates”. A Bontecou assemblage went for $7,500—just beneath its $8,000 low estimate—and an Oldenburg sculpture also sold for “less than expected”. (After the sale, Cockburn writes, a source at Sotheby Parke-Bernet alleged that five of the 50 lots actually passed, but spokespeople for the auction house “categorically deny this”.)

Yet these disappointing moments had less of a negative effect on the Sculls than people might realise. Why? Because ahead of the sale, they had done something else that both set the template for later generations of consignors and slightly undercut the mythology of the 1973 auction’s success: negotiated for the house to pay a financial guarantee for all 50 lots.

Although guarantees were already a part of the auction sector’s modus operandi by October 1973, at that time the houses generally only agreed to pay them for major works by European Old Masters. If the Sculls were not the first collectors to secure one for works by living artists, they were almost certainly the first to secure one for such a large group of works by living artists. The amount of the guarantee was not publicised, just as in such deals today, but Cockburn does assert at the end of his piece that Scull “received a check for around $1m” from the sale, while Sotheby Parke-Bernet “made something more than $200,000 on the evening’s activity”.

The larger point is this: The Scull sale proved the secondary market was running hot for living post-war artists from multiple movements. But that outcome was still uncertain enough to convince the Sculls that they were better off accepting a sure thing than risking a potential disaster in hopes of an even bigger payday.

Oracle or outlier?

The 1973 Scull auction lives on in art market history as the apotheosis of high-end commerce transformed into a VIP social event. So many spectators arrived that Sotheby Parke-Bernet had to ease them into the building in groups of ten, with most having to be seated in overflow rooms equipped with TVs simulcasting the proceedings in the main gallery—a setup Dennison of Sotheby’s calls “the first livestream, in a way”.

Despite the auction houses’ best efforts, however, in retrospect the event is less a template-setter than an apex that has rarely, if ever, been reached again.

“Now it’s in large part the trade and then the people secreted up in skyboxes,” Dennison says of the crowds at major evening sales. “You come and do your duty and get out to have dinner by 8 o’clock.”

Powerful as Scull and Sotheby Parke-Bernet’s marketing was in driving the jet set to the auction room, Cockburn’s contemporaneous account of the sale suggests the excitement was short-lived for anyone without a financial stake in the proceedings. After Johns’s White Map sold for a record $240,000, Cockburn writes, the inconvenient truth of the auction settled on those assembled: “On and on we go: a bored pall descends. Everyone realises it is a matter of listening to a cash register for an hour.”

This reality check of the mood necessitates another about the sale’s ultimate legacy. Although the Scull auction has been mythologised in hindsight as the market event that legitimised high-dollar, rapid resales of works by living artists, the truth is more complicated—whether you look further back from 18 October 1973, or further forward.

To the first point, it’s not uncommon for people in the trade to miscast the Scull sale as the first time a collector ever used an auction house to offer lots by artists still drawing breath. This is “simply not true”, says Olav Velthuis, a professor at the University of Amsterdam specialising in economic sociology. The earliest modern example, he says, is probably the sale of works owned by the Peau de l’ours (Skin of the bear) consortium—now considered the first art fund—at the Parisian auction house Drouot in 1914.

In fact, the Sculls had previously sold pieces by living artists, albeit at a much smaller scale, in two auctions prior to 1973: a 1965 sale comprising 12 works that brought a combined $165,000 (the proceeds of which went to establishing the Robert and Ethel Scull Foundation), and a 1970 sale of four works that made $197,000 in total.

Looking forward from the 1973 Scull auction, there is also little, if any, evidence that other collectors of contemporary art rushed to follow in the couple’s footsteps. “It did not mean that the next season we saw this and that estate” at auction, says Dennison of the sale’s success. Velthuis adds that the 1973 Scull auction “surely did not trigger a whole series of comparable sales soon afterwards”. The most proximate examples he could offer were the 1988 auction of select contemporary works from the Burton and Emily Hall Tremaine collection, the 1988 sale of Andy Warhol’s personal collection and the 1989 auction of the Paul Mellon collection.

But even these possibilities deviate from the Sculls’ completely discretionary sale of contemporary works in 1973. The first two examples were precipitated by the deaths of Emily Hall Tremaine and Warhol, respectively. The Mellon sale was discretionary, but the works offered were largely, if not entirely, Impressionist and Modern.

In fact, if you want to know who was behind the next notable collection of contemporary works to reach auction for any reason, the best answer is probably the Sculls themselves.

Overshadowed by the 1973 auction is the fact that Robert and Ethel Scull entered into divorce proceedings only two years later. The battle over who was entitled to which assets raged for another 11 years, and it may have gone on even longer had Robert not died in 1986. His death led to a pair of back-to-back auctions at Sotheby’s that same year to disperse the couple’s holdings, with Ethel being awarded only a 35% share of the proceeds by the courts. (Relatedly, the official title of the 1973 sale was “Works From the Collection of Robert C. Scull”, a fact later used against Ethel to argue that she was less than an equal partner in their art acquisitions.)

When it comes to the 1973 auction, then, Robert Scull’s greatest marketing success was not the number of spectators at Sotheby Parke-Bernet that night, the ample contemporaneous media coverage of the sale or the record prices achieved there. It was the way these elements have gone on to produce a kind of shadow puppet in the art market’s memory: what we have come to see from afar looks more substantial than what was actually there.

Photographs capture young humpback whale’s Seattle visit

Photographs capture young humpback whale’s Seattle visit

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SEATTLE — Pictures released by a conservation group show a young humpback whale breaching in front of the Space Needle as it visited the waters off Seattle last week, capturing a rare display of wildlife next to a major city.

The photos were also used to gauge the general health of the whale and create a serial identification number that will help researchers keep track of the young marine mammal.

This young whale, which is estimated to be about two years old, now has the designation of CRC-20899, according to Cascadia Research Collective.

The photos were taken by Jeff Hogan, co-coordinator of the Seattle-branch of Soundwatch Boater Education Program. Hogan shadowed the whale for most of its time in the bay to alert other vessels to it. Hogan said the whale looked healthy and watched it breach nearly 30 times.

Soundwatch has been operating off the San Juan Islands, where orcas are commonly found, for more than 30 years. The Seattle wing of the program debuted this past August with the aim to protect whales in busy Elliott Bay. Program personnel inform vessels of nearby whales so that enough space is given to the giant creatures. On any given day, car and pedestrian ferries, tugboats, private crafts, container ships and other vessels crisscross the bay.

“It not only was a beautiful day and experience, it was a great opportunity to collaborate with all operators out there,” said Alanna Frayne, a coordinator for Soundwatch. “This humpback provided education.”

Local whale watching groups have identified the young humpback as the calf of an adult female with the identification BCY0995, better known as “Smiley.”

Smiley’s last calf, Chip, was fatally struck by a Washington state ferry in 2020, according to the Canadian group Vancouver Island Whale Watch.

As the whale’s population numbers rebound, visits to the Seattle metropolitan area by orcas that prey on mammals and cetacean whales like humpbacks and grays have been increasing.

Humpback whales visit the waters off Seattle as they migrate along the West Coast. Before the commercial whaling industry nearly drove them to extinction, researchers think the Puget Sound was used as a nursery by humpbacks.

The young calf was seen until Friday morning, Frayne said.