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Opinion | Why Scorsese’s epic “Killers of the Flower Moon” is a missed opportunity

Opinion | Why Scorsese’s epic “Killers of the Flower Moon” is a missed opportunity
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“Killers of the Flower Moon,” Martin Scorsese’s new big-screen epic starring Leonardo DiCaprio, premiered in theaters just over a week after Americans marked Indigenous People’s Day. Based on David Grann’s bestselling book, the story depicts the brutal serial murders of members of the oil-wealthy Osage Nation in 1920s Oklahoma. Given the inherent drama of the narrative and the buzzy casting, the film seems destined for critical success. But will it usher in a new era for Hollywood’s Native Americans?

The film seems destined for critical success. But will it usher in a new era for Hollywood’s Native Americans?

Thirty-three years ago, Kevin Costner’s “Dances with Wolves” delivered a watershed moment. After decades of cowboy-and-Indian Westerns, the movie cast Native actors in prominent roles and showed a human dimension to its Native characters.

Costner’s epic earned seven Academy Awards, including best picture, and a nomination for Native Canadian actor Graham Greene in a supporting role. The movie also brought in over $400 million worldwide and sparked a mini surge of Native-themed stories, like “The Last of the Mohicans” (1992) and “Geronimo: An American Legend (1993).” Television mini-series like “Son of the Morning Star” (1991) and “DreamKeeper” (2003) followed the same pattern. Even Disney jumped on the bandwagon with its animated hit “Pocahontas” (1995).

Many Native actors, including Wes Studi, enjoyed a boost in their careers because of “Dances with Wolves.” But for all its hype, Costner’s epic did not employ Natives Americans in prominent creative roles behind the scenes.

Change in the ensuing decades has been incremental. Television has arguably worked the hardest to increase representation, beginning with the 1990 TNT series “The Native Americans. Behind the Legends. Beyond the Myths.” featuring Hanay Geiogamah (Kiowa) as a producer. That same decade brought “Smoke Signals” (1998), the theatrical debut of the Cheyenne and Arapaho filmmaker Chris Eyre.

Recently, the streaming series “Rutherford Falls” and “Reservation Dogs” have employed Native artists in front of and behind the camera, including showrunners Sierra Teller Ornelas (Navajo) and Sterlin Harjo (Seminole).

Sadly, “Rutherford Falls” was cancelled and “Reservation Dogs” will end after its third season.

Now a major motion picture has its chance. “Killers of the Flower Moon” has proudly touted Scorsese’s collaboration with Osage Principal Chief Geoffrey Standing Bear. To the studio’s credit, local Osage talent was hired in various production roles such as the costuming and art departments.

But no Native American is credited as being involved in the movie’s screenwriting, production or directing creative processes. This is an ongoing problem. Back in 2020, the Native American & Indigenous Writers Committee of the Writers Guild of America West addressed this same issue In an open letter advising the industry that merely using Natives as cultural consultants was severely limiting. They need to be hired as writers, directors and producers, too. 

This makes “Killers of the Flower Moon” both an interesting case study and ultimately a missed opportunity. The movie has tried to incorporate some Osage input, but it still is telling this story primarily through the lens of the white main character, played by Leonardo DiCaprio. As Variety has pointed out, DiCaprio grabs the lion’s share of the screen time. And the camera often lingers on his face, even when other characters are speaking.

Perhaps one bright spot is the movie’s female lead.

Lily Gladstone, an actress of Blackfeet and Nimíipuu heritage, plays the Osage wife of her slippery husband (DiCaprio) and is already garnering some Oscar buzz.

“If you’re wondering if you should go see this film, at least go see it for Gladstone’s performance,” advised Osage News editor Shannon Shaw Duty in her review.

With her powerful performance, Gladstone joined a small but important club of Native female actors.

With her powerful performance, Gladstone joined a small but important club of Native female actors. Elaine Miles stole countless scenes as the unflappable Alaska Native receptionist in 1990s gem “Northern Exposure.” Jana Schmieding of “Rutherford Falls,” Devery Jacobs and Paulina Alexis of “Reservation Dogs,” Sheila Tousey in “Thunderheart” (1992), Irene Bedard in “Lakota Woman: Siege at Wounded Knee” (TV 1994), and the late Misty Upham in “Frozen River” (2008) all won accolades for their portrayals of strong, independent Native women. And Amber Midthunder’s starring role as a young Comanche warrior in Hulu’s release of “Prey” (2022), a prequel to the “Predator” series, proved that Native women can carry blockbusters. “Prey” was produced by Jhane Myers of the Comanche Nation; she was nominated for a Producers Guild Award and a Primetime Emmy Award.

Gladstone’s presence and strength may very well continue to open doors for Hollywood’s Native women. But without Native American artists behind the camera in prominent positions, as well as in front of it, Hollywood will struggle to tell Native stories authentically — or without centering and privileging whiteness. Lily Gladstone deserves better, just like the real Osage victims of this white supremacist reign of terror did all those decades ago.

Google doesn’t need state-of-the-art cameras to revolutionize photography

Google doesn’t need state-of-the-art cameras to revolutionize photography

Over the last few years, team Android Authority has been endlessly debating the hardware versus software question when it comes to phone cameras and photography.

Some of us ascribe to Xiaomi, vivo, Sony, and HUAWEI’s ways of doing things. These companies keep upping their cameras’ game by throwing excellent hardware at the problem. Larger sensors, bigger and brighter and more pixels, two telephoto sensors instead of one, dedicated macro lenses, collaborations with Leica and ZEISS, and more — there’s a new hardware solution to any photography problem you come across.

Other team members admire Google’s approach and results i.e., applying software enhancements to create features out of thin air. Portrait mode, night mode, astrophotography, hybrid zoom, long exposures and action shots, face unblur, photo unblur, portrait light, and top shot; Google managed to implement all of these with nothing but software.

Then there are those, like me, who change their mind every few months. The Pixel 2, 3, and 4 convinced me that a lot can be done with software alone. Then, when the Pixel 5 launched with the same sensor as the Pixel 2, it was obvious that Google had literally milked everything it could out of that old lens. New hardware was evidently due. The Pixel 6 Pro and 7 Pro brought just that.

The Pixel 8 Pro, however, doesn’t change much from the 7 Pro in terms of camera hardware. The sensors bring in more light and the ultrawide lens has a higher resolution — that’s it. But if the Pixel 8 Pro lacks impressive hardware on paper, it more than makes up for it in quirky photography software chops that literally came out of nowhere.

What’s more important when it comes to phone photography?

179 votes

Purposeful software to augment camera hardware

google pixel 8 pro photos magic editor

Rita El Khoury / Android Authority

I didn’t know I wanted Best Take and Magic Audio Eraser in my life. But now that they’re there, I don’t want to use a phone without them anymore. The new Magic Editor is miles ahead of the funky Magic Eraser, specifically when you ask it to remove an object and fill the empty space with something that makes more sense. The manual Pixel camera controls on the 8 Pro are something I’ve wanted for years too, though Google has taken its sweet time on implementing them.

And the fact that the first three work on any photo/video I’ve ever taken, not just the ones I’ve recently shot with the Pixel 8 Pro, is an absolute W. Just like Photo Unblur, portrait blur, and portrait light did before them, these new features are there to equally elevate the pics I took 20 years ago or 20 seconds ago.

Google doesn’t necessarily need new sensors to change the mobile photography game each year.

Google doesn’t really need state-of-the-art hardware and mindblowing spec sheets to revolutionize photography. We’ve known this for years, we should stop doubting it. Yes, it can do more and it can do it better with upgraded sensors, as my Pixel 8 Pro vs 7 Pro camera shootout shows, but it doesn’t necessarily need new sensors to change the mobile photography game each year. It just needs a better Tensor G3 processor that can handle more — many more — Machine Learning computations than the last one. And when that isn’t enough for local processing, it’ll send your media to its servers to be edited there. That’s why the new Video Boost mode with video Night Sight isn’t live yet. Google will roll it out by December, supposedly, but only to the Pixel 8 Pro.

Which brings me to the standout rebuttal to my argument: the base Pixel 8. Google is gate-keeping two important features — manual camera controls and Video Boost — from its lower-end Pixel and forcing them as exclusives on the 8 Pro, even though both phones have the same processor and same capabilities. Artificially keeping the Pixel 8 on a lower playing field is a missed opportunity for Google to lean into the fact that camera hardware really doesn’t matter as much.

Still, both Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro owners like me still get to delve into a weird photography world where things can magically happen with a few taps here and there.

Best Take puts the power of Photoshop in my noob hands

There was a time when you had to shoot the same scene under multiple exposures on your phone and then spend some time in Photoshop or Lightroom to edit them into one pic. On-device HDR leapfrogged that in simplicity several years ago, and now Best Take can do a similar thing for a series of photos of two or more people, merging the best face of each person into one image. I’ve gone through some of my past pics and found group shots where one or several people didn’t have their best face on. Fixing that took less than a minute instead of an hour on Photoshop. (Uh, after having learned the skill to do it, of course.)

Put my husband and his two brothers in one room and mayhem ensues, so it’s almost impossible to take a tidy pic of all of them together. Don’t get me wrong, I love the spontaneity of each photo in the series above, but I also love that I can get a “normal” photo out of all of them.

Best Take isn’t foolproof yet; it didn’t detect my face in the photo above and somehow decided that my yellow wolf-masked friend had two different facial expressions in both pics. Oh, Google… It’s a yellow wolf; its “face” and “expressions” are identical in both pics.

Best Take isn’t perfect, but it helps me get the most presentable group photo out of a bunch of snaps.

Aside from missing certain faces in some pics, it also has trouble merging faces from photos with different white balance settings (it doesn’t fix the white balance), and it sometimes fails to blend the facial properties properly. So clearly, Best Take still has a ways to go to be a foolproof solution in all situations, but for most settings, it’ll work and work well, and it won’t take a fraction of the time — and expertise — required to fix an image with other photo editing tools.

Magic Editor is a much better Magic Eraser

When Magic Eraser launched on the Pixel 6, I spent several hours testing it and pushing it to its limits. The results were, let’s face it, quite gimmicky. The new Magic Editor is leaps and bounds ahead of it because it uses generative AI to fill in the blanks.

Magic Editor attempts to guess what’s behind the erased element and fills it in as best as it can.

Yes, Magic Editor can do more than just erase elements from your photo, but for me, this has been its main use case. Take the three examples below and see the difference. While Eraser just replaces the erased elements with blobs and blotches of adjacent colors, Editor figures out, more or less, what’s behind them and fills that in. It draws the road pathway in the first pic, attempts to complete the column in the second, and, more impressively, manages to create a realistic background in the third, linking the two sides of the fence together.

Audio Magic Eraser helps me focus on the sounds that matter

Improvements in video capture are essential to grab better videos, but so is the post-processing afterward. Many times, I’ve found myself with a cute video ruined by someone else’s speech, heavy winds, crowd noise, or car honks. I’m not a video or audio expert, I don’t know how to fix those. So I usually trim the video as best as I can to reduce their nuisance and call it a day.

The new Audio Magic Eraser puts a tool in my hand that I never thought I could have as an audio and video amateur.

The new Audio Magic Eraser puts a tool in my hand that I never thought I could have. It detects and splits different sounds, so I can control them individually. In the falconry video below, you can hear the falconer’s explanations in the original version. Nice, but what if I wanted to focus on the actual sounds that the eagle is making? Tap a button, slide the speech down, and poof! You can barely hear the instructions anymore and all the focus is placed on the eagle. Magic?

There are still artifacts and I’m sure the result isn’t as good as what you’d get from proper audio editing, but the fact that this took less than a minute and I could do it with zero skills is amazing.

The power of post-processing vs. original captures

Rita El Khoury / Android Authority

Cropping, rotating, and aligning have been possible for decades, yet I still strive to shoot the most visually pleasing, well-aligned photo from the get-go. Photo Unblur has existed for a year, but I still stabilize my hand as much as I can before snapping a photo. Other photo editing tools for brightness, highlights, and shadows are quite old, and yet I will always try to compose a shot so it doesn’t need any of those edits later.

That’s why I don’t think I’ll rely on post-processing to fix all of my photos and videos. I haven’t done it yet and I won’t start doing it now. I won’t stop trying to get a group of people to look their best in the same shot, wait until all people have moved out of a frame or move to avoid them, or do my best to capture a video with as little audio disturbances as possible.

I’d be fine with a biennial tick-tock rhythm of hardware and then software photography leaps.

But the fact that I have these tools at my disposal now, should I ever need them, is quite mind-blowing. And I love that Google is making the effort to propel photo and video editing forward. This year’s Pixels aren’t pushing the envelope of media capture, they’re pushing the envelope on editing. And maybe next year we’ll see another hardware leap. I’d be fine with a biennial tick-tock rhythm of hardware and software improvements, as long as we keep moving the needle forward.

The Pleasures of Amateur Photography

The Pleasures of Amateur Photography

This is an edition of The Atlantic Daily, a newsletter that guides you through the biggest stories of the day, helps you discover new ideas, and recommends the best in culture. Sign up for it here.

“I wonder whether the non-photographer can grasp the peculiar quality of the pleasure of being an amateur photographer,” Richard L. Simon, the co-founder of the publishing house Simon & Schuster, wrote in The Atlantic in 1942. Simon credits the camera itself with much of the joy of amateur photography:

Imagine, then, you unhappy non-photographers, a glorious piece of mechanism … that has within itself the ability to capture for posterity a baby’s smile, a setter at point, the kindly wrinkles of a grandfather … It can magnify a hundredfold the pollen on the rose petal. It can re-create the glistening of the snow and of the trees on a frosty February morning. No, it cannot tell you the time, but it can immortalize the scenes, the moods, even the overtones of daily life.

Simon’s love letter to the camera is a reminder that photography is as much about the mechanism as it is about the result. Today’s newsletter explores how we take photos, and how new technology can both dull and complicate the experience.


On Photography

You Can Learn to Be Photogenic

By Michael Waters

Hollywood invented the idea that some people naturally look better on camera. Don’t believe it.

AI Is About to Photoshop Your Memories

By Charlie Warzel

The smartphone camera roll is a digital diary. What happens when the images inside are more perfect than real?

Our Photo Editor’s Must-See Images

By Isabel Fattal

Alan Taylor on the visuals that have stuck with him


Still Curious?


Other Diversions


P.S.

“The editor of the Atlantic wishes me to come down to earth,” Simon writes toward the end of his essay about the glory of the camera. He obliges by making a list of tips for readers hoping to become decent amateur photographers themselves. One good piece of advice: “Photography being mostly a study and rendition of lights and shadows, take your pictures before ten o’clock in the morning and after four o’clock in the afternoon.”

— Isabel

The arts in Paris are booming—and trying to nip at London’s heels

The arts in Paris are booming—and trying to nip at London’s heels

The rivalry between France and England is long-running and bitter. The Wikipedia entry for “France-United Kingdom Relations”, at more than 15,000 words, is almost the length of a novella. Since William the Conqueror did what his name suggests in 1066, the French and English have vied for superiority with swords, guns, words and—more recently—art auctions.

On October 20th a painting by Joan Miró, a Spanish artist, was sold at Christie’s in Paris. The work, with squiggly stick figures, stars and dabs the colour of macaw feathers, fetched €20.7m ($22m), making it one of the most expensive paintings sold in France in recent decades. For those watching, the paddle-populated auction of avant-garde and Italian work was a symbol of Paris’s growing clout in art. The Italian sale used to be held in London, before Christie’s shifted it to Paris last year because of Brexit. “A part of London’s attractiveness used to be its position at the centre of the European Union,” says Guillaume Cerutti, the boss of Christie’s, who adds: “The momentum is now more with Paris.” (Mr Cerutti is, coincidentally, a Frenchman living in London.)

Parisians in the art world are popping champagne corks even more than usual. Last year Sotheby’s had 70 auctions in Paris, 140% more than in 2013; in London there were 131 auctions, 75% more than a decade earlier. But auction houses are just one part of the picture. Recently prominent international galleries, such as Hauser & Wirth, a Swiss firm, have set up shop. “The wave of galleries opening in Paris is extraordinary; we haven’t seen this in any other city,” says Thaddaeus Ropac, an Austrian gallerist, whose outposts include London and Paris.

France’s art market is still small compared with Britain’s, which claimed 18% of the $67.8bn in art sales worldwide last year. Britain is the second-biggest market after America, which has 45% of sales. London is also where most artworks in Europe that go for more than $10m are sold. France, par contre, had a mere 7% of the global market. But Paris’s share is growing, and so is its place in the minds of art buyers and enthusiasts, who are often guided more by emotion than statistics. France now claims 54% of all art transactions by value in the EU, says Clare McAndrew of Arts Economics, a research firm.

Some insist it is not a competition between London and Paris, which suggests it is. Paris+, an art fair, ends on October 22nd and takes place just after a rival event in London called Frieze, which celebrated its 20th anniversary this year. Many “artizens” do not have the time to go to both. Recently attendance at Frieze London has decreased. There were fewer Americans, who saved their trip for Paris, says Leslie Ramos of the Twentieth, an art-advisory firm. By contrast, Paris+ has been generating buzz since it was launched by Art Basel, a Swiss firm, last year.

Brexit is one reason for the attention Paris is getting. Britain’s withdrawal from the EU in 2020 has changed the dynamics for buyers and sellers of art. Before, Europeans could buy an artwork in London without any import duty; now 5-20% of the value is levied if a buyer imports it into an EU country from London. There is also more paperwork and red tape to contend with. “As an artist, getting your work in and out of the UK is so complicated now,” says Peter Doig, a Scottish painter who lives in London but is considering moving to Paris.

Some European artists have left London for other cities in Europe, says Noah Horowitz, the boss of Art Basel. Berlin, which has a vibrant contemporary arts and museum scene, has been a winner, but it does not claim as many buyers or vendors as London or even Paris.

Yet Brexit does not entirely explain Paris’s boom, says Charles Stewart, Sotheby’s chief executive, who thinks “the collision of luxury and culture, and luxury and art, plays into Paris.” Private foundations, fuelled by money-spinning luxury-goods firms, have upped the city’s artistic game. There is the Bourse de Commerce, a former commodities exchange, which houses the collection of François Pinault, one of the world’s richest men, who made his fortune from fashion brands. (He also owns Christie’s.) The Fondation Cartier, launched by a company known for panthers and its pantheon of jewels, will move its contemporary-art collection to a building opposite the Louvre.

And then there is the Fondation Louis Vuitton, the creation of Bernard Arnault, whose luxury firms have made him the second-richest man in the world. Museums’ exhibitions and ambitions are constrained by the price of shipping and insuring art. The Fondation Louis Vuitton, however, does not have to worry about costs. Its retrospective of Mark Rothko, an American painter, which opened on October 18th, features 115 works, many of them enormous colour-drenched canvases. The value of the borrowed works is in the billions of dollars. “The Rothko show couldn’t happen anywhere else in the world,” says Aurelie Cauchy, also of the Twentieth.

Paris’s revival has a quality of déjà vu. From the late 19th century through the second world war, Paris was “the star of the art market” and “was more important than London, particularly in terms of modern art”, says Philip Hook, a former director of Christie’s and Sotheby’s and author of “The Rogue’s Gallery”, which examines the history of art-dealing. Artists flocked to Paris and so did buyers. But in the 1950s France started imposing new taxes on art transactions, which fuelled London’s growth.

Three factors make a strong art hub—wealth, cultural infrastructure and a seamless regulatory system, says Ms McAndrew. She argues that London and Paris both score well on the first two but less so on the regulatory front; America has less intrusive bureaucracy. The French government, aware of how the country lost its edge before, is more deliberate about trying to preserve France’s attractiveness, Ms McAndrew notes.

Some in Britain complain that funding cuts from the current government have hurt the arts, while others say that leaders should promote policies to help London retain its pole position. “The UK government needs to change some regulations if they want to regain their competitive advantage,” says Mr Cerutti. Anthony Browne, chairman of the British Art Market Federation, is trying to coax the government to eliminate import taxes on art, which he says would not have “any significant impact on the government revenues but would put us on a level footing with our main global rivals”, such as America and Hong Kong. But shielding art transactions from import tax, however small the financial cost, may look bad, as it is mainly the wealthy who would benefit.

Ultimately, policies may matter less than market forces. Art as an asset class has been surprisingly resilient in the face of higher interest rates, but there is no guarantee it will stay that way. Recently the Asian market has wobbled, due to real-estate and financial jitters in China. London’s recent sales have been mixed. Violence in Israel and Palestine has somewhat muted the freewheeling mood at the fairs and may have suppressed buying, some dealers murmur. But harder times can also encourage rivalries to be set aside. Perhaps for Paris and London, there will soon be a détente.

Unveiling of Donner Lake Sculpture: Trash to Treasure

Unveiling of Donner Lake Sculpture: Trash to Treasure
TRUCKEE, Calif. – Thanks to artists Yustina Salnikova and Joel Dean from Building 180, an all-inclusive art production and consulting agency that specializes in creating intricate art installations from start to finish, trash literally became…

Trustees approve Bonior sculpture plants

Trustees approve Bonior sculpture plants
CLINTON TOWNSHIP — With David Bonior dedicating much of his life and legislative career to environmental issues, it can seem odd that the memorial to his nearly 30-year career is a metal tree.

First look at career-spanning Helmut Newton exhibition, ‘Fact & Fiction’

First look at career-spanning Helmut Newton exhibition, ‘Fact & Fiction’

The small coastal town of A Coruña in Galicia, northern Spain, is fast becoming an unexpected cultural destination for enthusiasts of fashion photography. In the past two years, it has hosted major retrospectives of Peter Lindbergh and Steven Meisel; this autumn, it is Helmut Newton’s turn in the spotlight, the seminal German image-maker the subject of an expansive new exhibition titled ‘Helmut Newton – Fact & Fiction’.

The reason is Marta Ortega Pérez, the daughter of the Inditex and Zara co-founder Amancio Ortega Gaona and current Inditex non-executive chair, whose eponymous foundation was founded after the success of ‘Peter Lindbergh: Untold Stories’, which she organised. Its aim is to bring such world-class exhibitions to A Coruña – Inditex is headquartered in nearby Arteixo – and support the careers of young photographers and artists. 

‘Helmut Newton – Fact & Fiction’ in A Coruña, Spain 

Helmut Newton Elsa Peretti Bunny

Helmut Newton, Elsa Peretti as a bunny, Halston, New York, 1975

(Image credit: © Helmut Newton Foundation)

‘Fact & Fiction’ celebrates the prolific output of the photographer who was born in Berlin in 1920 and apprenticed under Yva, the professional pseudonym of photographer Else Ernestine Neuländer-Simon, who was part of the burgeoning avant-garde scene in Germany in the 1930s. Moving to Australia in 1940, where he served for five years in the country’s army, he would return to Europe to work for British Vogue in the late 1950s.

It was to be the beginning of an illustrious career in fashion for Newton, who for international editions of Vogue and numerous other titles created his provocative, sensual photographs which were infused with the femme fatales of film noir, S&M and fetish, and elements of surrealism. His work remains highly influential today.

Helmut Newton Monica Bellucci

Helmut Newton, Monica Bellucci, Monte Carlo, 2001

(Image credit: © Helmut Newton Foundation)

The new exhibition – a major retrospective of his work – is created alongside the Helmut Newton Foundation and will be curated by Philippe Garner, Matthias Harder, and Tim Jefferies. Films will provide new insights into the photographer’s working process, while a curation of fashion imagery will capture what the organisers call his ‘bold and unapologetic’ style (such as his iconic ‘Big Nudes’ series). Portraits of numerous personalities will also feature, among them Andy Warhol, David Bowie, Karl Lagerfeld and Naomi Campbell. A counterpoint comes in a lesser-known side of his oeuvre, a series of landscape images of cities – each one resonant to his career – from Monte Carlo to Los Angeles.

‘Helmut Newton is one of that celestial band of photographers whose images are instantly recognisable as their own,’ says Ortega Pérez/ ‘Newton’s own great revolutionary act was to utterly change the ways in which women were portrayed in the pages of glossy magazines. Here were women who enjoyed style and fashion, who enjoyed the power and splendour of their bodies, women who were elegantly seductive and untouchable. His photographs were not only of his time but far ahead of his time – he spectacularly set the scene for those photographers who followed him.’

‘Helmut Newton – Fact & Fiction’ runs from 18 November 2023 – 1 May 2024.

helmutnewton-acoruna.com

Helmut Newton Shoe Image

Helmut Newton, Shoe,  Walter Steiger, Monte Carlo, 1983 

(Image credit: © Helmut Newton Foundation)

Novelist Mariana Enríquez on Alessandra Sanguinetti’s ‘brutal, beautiful’ photographs

Novelist Mariana Enríquez on Alessandra Sanguinetti’s ‘brutal, beautiful’ photographs

The first pictures of Alessandra Sanguinetti that I saw, the ones she’s still best known for, were taken in the Pampas, or as we say in Argentina, el campo. That broad term includes both the flatlands and minuscule towns that make up the centre of the country and the fields to the north, which are richer and greener.

In that landscape, dominated by the men who work the farms, Sanguinetti met two girls, Guillermina and Belinda. They came to visit their grandmother, who lived on the farm next to Sanguinetti’s father’s country home. The photographer would ask them to play out their fears and fantasies with costumes and make-believe scenes. In one image, they float peacefully in a stream, like two Ophelias from the John Everett Millais painting.

After their first meeting in 1992, she would continue to photograph the girls for another 20 years. In her images, you see them coming of age against the backdrop of el campo — the sparse and poor place is, for them, a palace, a fairy tale. Sanguinetti captures both sides of it: that which is precarious and that which is magic.

While visiting Guillermina and Belinda, Sanguinetti was also photographing life on the farm around them. She became interested in the daily struggles of the workers and the adventures and deaths of the animals. The girls were still there, in the background, but Sanguinetti would shoo them out of the frame so that they wouldn’t disturb the animals.

Those photographs, first published 18 years ago but long out of print, are now on show again in On the Sixth Day, a book and accompanying exhibition at Los Angeles’s MACK 939 gallery. It remains one of her most personal projects. In an interview with the Argentine newspaper Página/12, she said: “As a girl, I spent weekends and summers in el campo. Those days were my true education. I learnt about death, about the relations of power between people and between people and animals. But I’ve always considered myself a visitor, even today, after all these years.”

It’s strange, but to most city people, even suburban people, the work that happens in el campo remains a mystery. The violence that takes place on that enormous plain where everything looks the same is a secret between the land and its people. But it’s all over these photographs. You can barely see any faces, only those of the animals, which are often deadly scared or just dead. The slaughter is gruesome. It’s not an industrial farm, but the workers are organised and there’s not much feeling involved. This is an everyday slaughter.

There’s no moral condemnation from Sanguinetti’s point of view. I see matter-of-fact brutality and the presence of death, in all its truth. And death can’t be forgotten in el campo. Is that a priest blessing a cow, lying dead on the ground? Bloody hands being washed while a dog looks on, like the purifying cleansing of hands during Catholic mass. Two pigs ready for the slaughterhouse, eyes closed but still unpeaceful. Birds scream, lambs try to escape. The people, meanwhile, appear hardened, older than their years, their legs swollen. They eat at tables strewn with bottles of wine, cooking pots and dead animals. Occasionally you can see a glimpse of beauty, as with the lady standing in that field, so happy in her pretty dress. But mostly the world that Sanguinetti depicts here is difficult to look at.

© Alessandra Sanguinetti
© Alessandra Sanguinetti

The Pampas are, as in many places in the Americas, lands that have seen many killings. Colonisation, beginning with the Spanish in the 16th century, tried to exterminate Argentina’s indigenous population in that region. What we have today is a big, eerily empty country: 45 million people, a population far smaller than the UK’s, but in a space more than four times the size. The sheer austerity of that landscape, so open and yet so closed, an agoraphobic’s nightmare, hides what lies beneath.

But history can sometimes be read in the names of places. In Provincia de Buenos Aires, there’s a town called Rauch. Rauch was a German colonel who participated in the battles that led up to the “Conquest of the Desert”, a military campaign led by the Argentine government to expand its borders and win land, which saw thousands of indigenous people killed. Rauch, who was known for his cruelty, died in combat, his throat slit, in 1829. Why does the town still bear his name? People there still ask that question and want it changed. Others continue to believe that the conquest was necessary.

That history shaped Argentina as we know it today. Those who participated in the battle received not only money in payment from then President Julio Argentino Roca but land as well. Lots of land — the latifundios (“large estates”) as we call them, or estancias (“ranches”). Unlike the US, which was mostly built up by smallholders, here there are families who were given land and either rented it out or paid people to farm it. These workers are the people you see in Sanguinetti’s pictures. Those landed families are behind the inequality that still exists in Argentina today. They are an aristocracy won with blood, as many are.


Many characters and myths have come out of el campo. There’s the gaucho, the lawless cowboy of the Pampas. In literature, there’s even a local genre, la gauchesca, begun by writers such as José Hernández in the 19th century. They wrote stories filled with beauty and cruelty, blood and burden; of early mornings and animals that are first companions, then sacrifices; of lonely sunsets in an infinite landscape which reeks of ghosts. There’s also much literature, mainly from wealthy writers, such as Sara Gallardo, where el campo is a place of rest and bucolic charms. But violence is always in the background. In her short novel Fever Dream, Buenos Aires-born writer Samanta Schweblin describes how it feels when a place that has been painted as a sanctuary is actually poisonous. This land has been both ever since it was christened la pampa by its colonisers.

© Alessandra Sanguinetti
© Alessandra Sanguinetti

I was always tempted to write about the Pampas, but I still haven’t. There is one photograph that reminds me of one of the short stories in my next book, A Local Artist. It’s about a couple that go to a small town to find some peace and calm but instead find something else. The photograph that brings it to mind shows a foetus of some animal, I can’t tell which. Two chickens look at it with a mixture of curiosity and sadness. Of course, you might say, these are human emotions that they couldn’t feel. But in the picture they do. We see that truncated life thrown to the ground, not with cruelty but with casualness, as if we’ve entered a land where suffering is a given. Another shows an animal hanging, skinned, in the black of the night, like an omen or a macabre offering (I can’t recognise it either. I could, but I won’t try).

On the Sixth Day is a book that forces you to look. Every country’s history is a history of violence, but in Argentina the air is still thick with it. El campo, emptied by bloodthirst and ruthlessness, serves as a constant reminder of what took place there. It’s not easy to find the moments that portray this history: Sanguinetti was brave and watched closely in order to understand how that violence was naturalised. And there’s no judgment from her. This is not a book about the treatment of animals or what we eat. She dedicates this book to the anonymous animals of el campo and to the memory of Juana, the grandmother who lived on the neighbouring farm. She has the eye of a reporter, a narrator and an artist who understands cruelty. I think many artists in Latin America do, because we live with it in many shapes and forms. That’s why here, the beauty of these photographs and the flashes of tenderness are what makes this a work of truth.

© Alessandra Sanguinetti

“On the Sixth Day” by Alessandra Sanguinetti is published by MACK. The exhibition “The Sixth Day” is on show at 939, Los Angeles. Mariana Enríquez’s novel “Our Share of Night” is published by Granta

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