Native

Black Miami artists take center stage

Black Miami artists take center stage

Dozens of artists, writers, curators, scholars, and art collectors came together to celebrate the evolution of the Miami Black arts community Thursday for “Still Here: Generations of Black Miami Artmaking,” the first symposium hosted by the University of Miami’s Center for Global Black Studies, in partnership with Commissioner, an art membership program that supports local contemporary artists in Miami. 

“The goal for this convening is to catalyze scholarship on Black Miami art and artists,” said Donette Francis, a professor of English in the College of Arts and Sciences who also directs the Center for Global Black Studies and opened the event. “It’s about the diverse places they are from, and the generational histories and influences.” 

The event began Thursday at the University’s Lakeside Pavilion and is free for students and faculty and staff members. It continued Friday in the Shalala Student Center. Speakers and presenters include artists and scholars from across the country, who grew up in South Florida, or who continue to produce art locally. Francis and other members of the center hope that the event will help draw attention to the wealth of Black artistic talent and knowledge in the greater Miami area.

Black arts conference

“Black Miami has an aesthetic shaped by the uniqueness of this place,” Francis added. “There’s an ecosystem among Black Miami artists that registers in how they show up for each other, cross reference each other, and live comfortably among each other. For museum audiences and beyond, I unequivocally believe that the best scholarship about Black Miami art begins here.” 

One of the first presenters was Sharony Green, an associate professor of History at the University of Alabama, former journalist and a University of Miami alumna. Green spoke about her new book, which focuses on the end of writer Zora Neale Hurston’s life. It was a time when the esteemed Harlem Renaissance author of “Their Eyes Were Watching God,” was struggling financially and emotionally, so she escaped to Honduras. 

But Green also explained that Hurston often escaped the New York cold to live in South Florida. Still, even as an award-winning writer, Hurston had to clean homes in Miami Beach to pay her bills. 

“Hemingway had Havana and Zora had Honduras and Miami,” said Green, who was born in Coconut Grove, but grew up in the Miami Gardens neighborhood of Carol City. 

In doing her research on Hurston, Green also discovered that while they lived decades apart, the women had many similarities. They were both writers who grew up in segregated communities in Florida. And Green’s grandmother knew some of the same South Florida leaders that Hurston did. 

Many shared experiences among artists surfaced throughout the discussion panels on Thursday. In a session titled “Migration and Memories,” artist Juana Valdes, who immigrated from Cuba and grew up in Miami, spoke alongside artist Morel Doucet, who immigrated from Haiti, and was raised in North Miami. Both artists use ceramics, painting, and mixed media to explore themes of migration, displacement, and climate change in their art. Moderated by Nhadya Lawes, a University of Miami alumna who now works as an arts associate for the Knight Foundation, the artists discussed how they infuse their immigrant experiences into their work. 

“When we came to the U.S., my family struggled trying to find housing in Miami without speaking English. There was also no space for us in a predominantly white Cuban community in Miami,” Valdes said. “So, my art sometimes has a hard time fitting into shows because they don’t represent blackness in typical ways. It’s made to make you be in an uncomfortable place.” 

Despite their hurdles to assimilate to a new country with a new language, many artists including Doucet, mentioned that several other Miami artists served as mentors and helped encourage them to pursue art further. Those include Loni Johnson, an artist and educator who will participate in a Friday panel, and Charles Humes, Jr. last year’s fellow in the Center for Global Black Studies, who is also speaking on Friday. 

“Along my entire early education, there was never the idea for Black representation of a young artist,” Doucet said. “But my mom gave me the space and representation to excel in the arts.”

In later panels, artists T. Elliot Mansa, Sydney Maubert, and Chris Friday talked about how to illustrate the unique experience of growing up Black in Miami. Maubert, who graduated in 2020 from the School of Architecture, grew up in Homestead as the daughter of a Cuban mother and Haitian father. Maubert is now a Strauch fellow at Cornell University. Her murals have been featured at the School of Law, and at Yale University, where she earned a master’s in architecture. 

Roland Woods, Jr. graduated from the University of Miami in 1971, and was one of the senior Black artists at the symposium Thursday. In 1969, Woods and a few of his classmates formed the Black Arts Workshop and would meet in Coconut Grove and teach art to younger students. The organization continued through the late 1980s, but Woods is still an active painter, creating works in the cubist style, with baroque techniques that feature African themes. He was glad to be a part of one of the panels with watercolor painter Jared McGriff. 

“It’s great to highlight the many accomplishments of the Black arts community,” Woods said. 

Friday, who infuses meaningful images of Black life in her art agreed, and noted that simply bringing together so many people invested in the Miami art community was a major step forward. 

“This room is full of people who before I knew them, I knew their work,” Friday said. “And it keeps me motivated and inspired to continue.” 

Franklin Sirmans, director of the Perez Art Museum Miami and a New York native, said the first day of the conference enlightened him about just how much art history there is in Miami. He, along with Francis, and junior Deitrick Knatt, hope that this is the start of many more gatherings. 

“I’m so glad we have this opportunity because it really sets a precedent for what we can do as Black Miami artists,” said Knatt, an aspiring photographer and storytelling artist. “But it’s also a great networking opportunity to meet other artists.”

Friday’s panels will feature Black photography, a discussion on making art public, and another panel on curating Black Miami with Dejha Carrington, a cofounder of Commissioner and Tanya Desdunes, from Diaspora Vibe Cultural Arts Incubator.

Still Here: Generations of Black Miami Artmaking” was sponsored by the Terra Foundation for American Art and the Mellon Foundation.


Marvel Comics Spotlights Wyatt Wingfoot And Kushala, The Spirit Rider, In New Native American Heritage Month Variant Covers And Backup Stories

Marvel Comics Spotlights Wyatt Wingfoot And Kushala, The Spirit Rider, In New Native American Heritage Month Variant Covers And Backup Stories

This year, Marvel Comics continues its tradition of assembling an extraordinary array of Indigenous and Native talent to celebrate Native American Heritage Month!

In the same spirit as last year’s MARVEL’S VOICES: HERITAGE one-shot, fans will see new adventures starring their favorite Indigenous and First Nations super heroes and see them take center stage on stunning variant covers this November! GHOST RIDER #20 and SENSATIONAL SHE-HULK #2 will both have thrilling backup stories written and drawn by Indigenous and First Nations creators.

These tales will feature the titular heroes fighting bravely alongside fellow Marvel icons: Kushala, AKA the Spirit Rider, and Wyatt Wingfoot.  These eight-page specials will give readers a chance to discover Kushala and Wyatt Wingfoot’s goals and legacy, all while setting them up for exciting future journeys in the Marvel Universe. In addition, these two extra-sized issues will have Marvel’s Voices Heritage Variant Covers that spotlight these pairings by award-winning Cherokee artist Roy Boney. 

Here’s what fans can look forward to!

GHOST RIDER #20

Here’s What’s Going On In Indian Country, September 28 —October 5

Here’s What’s Going On In Indian Country, September 28 —October 5

Here is Native News Online’s weekly round-up of arts, culture and entertainment offerings around Indian Country.

Chickasaw Annual Meeting and Festival
Tishomingo, OK

September 29-October 7, 2023

The event will feature a variety of activities and demonstrations at the Chickasaw National Capital with Governor Bill Anoatubby’s State of the Nation Address. Attendees will enjoy a weekend celebration that includes an Annual Meeting, Cultural Evening and Arts and Culture Awards, princess pageant, entertainment, fellowship and more.  

Introduction to Native Baskets Workshop
Evansville, IN

September 30, 2023

Craft your own handmade basket in this hands-on workshop. Learn about three different styles of baskets that Native Americans of the region make, including watertight ones. All materials and instructions will be provided. 

American Indian Elders Conference
Cherokee, NC

September 28, 2023

The National Indian Council on Aging is excited to announce its 24th conference again in Indian Country that will take place at the Harrah’s Cherokee Casino and Resort. The conference is the elder’s opportunity to share wisdom, experience and knowledge with the world. It is an opportunity to carry the legacy of your elders as well as create your own.   

First Peoples Festival
Overland Park, KS

September 30, 2023

More than twenty years ago, Chief Yellow Eyes of the Southern Cheyenne Nation designed and led the construction of the medicine wheel at the Overland Park Arboretum and Botanical Gardens. Native Americans from around the region will come together to acknowledge the contributions to the community by tribes, to educate non-native people and to encourage understanding between all groups. 

No One Ever Sees Indians: Native Americans in Media
Chicago, IL

September 30, 2023

Ernest M. Whiteman lll will discuss the many representations of Native Americans in media, how far back these depictions go, and how these representations inform audiences perceptions of Native Americans and issues. 

Native Games
Phoenix, AZ

September 30, 2023

This event is calling all Native American High School aged youth from Maricopa County. Join as the event focuses on a few native games played by ancestors and elders. There will be rotating sessions so everyone can participate. 

Native American Food Demo with Chef Walks First
Chicago, IL

September 30, 2023

Come learn about Native American food and even get a chance to taste some yourself with Chef Walks First. Chef Walks First is the Executive Chef and Owner of Ketapanen Kitchen, the only Native American Catering Company in the Chicago area. 

Ryedale Largo & Diné/ Mescalero Apache Dance Group
Albuquerque, NM

September 30, 2023

The dance groups will be dancing to celebrate the seasonal cycles through prayer, song, and dance with the Cultural Dance Program. Dances connect us to our ancestors, community, and traditions while honoring gifts from the creator. 

Nihizaad Nihil Nili Fall Conference
Farmington, NM

September 30, 2023

Come join the Nihizaad Nihil Nili Fall Conference for a day of insightful discussion and engaging activities at the San Juan College. There will be keynote speakers, breakout sessions, presentations, and food. 

Painted Raven- Harvest Moon Celebration Concert
Gulfport, FL

September 29, 2023

Come join for a Full Moon Celebration Concert honoring Native American culture and music with Painted Raven at Gulfport’s Catherine Hickman Theater at 7 pm. Painted Raven is an award-winning duo that creates their own signature sound using traditional Native American flute and modern instruments and music styles. 

Triia Beyond Indigenous: Autumn Markets for Creatives
Billings, MT

September 30, 2023

This Autumn season, Triia will be hosting markets that will be available as vending opportunities for Native, and Non-Native vendors. Feel free to invite your friends and family to vend or come stop by for a walk through the market. 

Rocking the Rez Powwow
El Paso, TX

September 30- October 1, 2023

Come join for a weekend of dance, music, vendors, and events. There will be $60,000 in prize money available, as well as the Rocking the Rez Skate Jam. Saturday Grand Entry times will be at 1pm and 7pm, and Sunday at 1pm. 

Native American Games
Goliad, TX

September 30, 2023

Join the fun with Native American games. Playing is an important part of growing up, teaching coordination, strategy, teamwork, and other valuable skills. Learn what kinds of games Native Americans were playing and see how your skill matches up. 

Indigenous Short Films
Williamsburg, VA

September 29, 2023

Richmond’s acclaimed Pocahontas Reframed Film Festival comes to Williamsburg to share a series of short films written, directed and produced by Indigenous artists. This free program features 12 films with subject matter depicting Native American life of today and the past.

More Stories Like This

Alaska Native Heritage Center Honored with 2023 International Guardians of Culture and Lifeways Award
Eighth Generation Blanket Featured on Cover of British Vogue in October
Here’s What’s Going On in Indian Country, September 21 —September 28
The Land That Carries Our Ancestors: Contemporary Art by Native Americans Exhibition Begins Sept. 22 at National Gallery of Art

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Assembling Okern

Assembling Okern
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“The set-decoration and the art department worked miracles transforming the space.”
Photo: Shane Brown/FX

Okern, Oklahoma, is technically fictional. But thanks to the input of the series’ Native crew and the community members of its primary filming location, real-life Okmulgee, the Reservation Dogs hometown crackles with energy and life. It’s cliché to say a TV series setting is a character, but with its precise and unexpected details — as minute as the type of flowers used for a funeral service and as sobering as the reflection of moonlight on a dorm-room floor as two nuns drag a screaming child across it — Okern was. Every aspect of Reservation Dogs’ look was crafted with intention, and it showed onscreen.

“When we’re creating and decorating the sets, we’re thinking about the people who will be watching at home, sure. But we’re equally, if not more, thinking about the people who will be in the room when it actually happens,” says production designer Brandon Tonner-Connolly, who joined the series after its pilot and worked on all three seasons. “We’re thinking about the crew and cast who are from the community, and the people down the block who might stop by to watch filming. We want them to feel the spaces are right. It’s about that experience as much as the final product on film.”

Time and time again, the series asked its art team — led in season three by Tonner-Connolly and set decorator Tafv Sampson — to invite viewers into the rooms where Okern’s residents spend their time. Those locations roughly divide into two categories: The reservation’s homes and communal spaces are “washed with warmth and comfort and cozy,” reflecting the Native aesthetic Sampson grew up with in Okmulgee (her father is the late actor Tim Sampson). “There’s never any coldness or harsh lines; everything’s warm wood and soft goods and little lighting and handwritten notes and junk mail,” she explains. “Little things everywhere, that’s how my dad was.” Then, as the series progressed, it went darker, spending significant time illuminating the space that tried to stamp out and exploit Native identity: the Indian boarding school.

Depicting the range of Native experience was essential to Reservation Dogs co-creator, director, and writer Sterlin Harjo, as was filming nearly every scene on location in Oklahoma. Tonner-Connolly and Sampson spoke to Vulture about collaborating on the show’s definitive and most involved sets and how their teams worked to align these spaces with “the universe of Reservation Dogs,” as Tonner-Connolly puts it. “You’re giving people the opportunity to experience life in a different place,” he explains. “The character details we put into a set create intimacy, and intimacy builds empathy, and conveying that experience helps someone understand and feel another kind of person’s world.”

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Introduced in the series’ second episode, “NDN Clinic,” the medical center that employs and treats many of the Rez Dogs’ relatives and mentors became a recurring location as well as the starting point for the formation of many unlikely bonds. It’s where Willie Jack decides to learn medicine from Fixico, Cheese is taken under the wing of his future adoptive grandmother, Irene, Bear and Jackie deepen their friendship (and possible romance), and Big and Bev start snagging. The space is decorated with an array of pieces from Native artists, including Sampson’s grandfather, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest actor and Native icon Will Sampson. 

Brandon Tonner-Connolly: Each of the writers had a different story about spending a day endlessly waiting at the IHS. We wanted the viewer to feel lost, tired, and kind of bored when they step inside; people were telling me that was their state of mind when they’ve been in there.

Tafv Sampson: Everyone in the script is always like, “Oh my God, I hate this place. You’re just sitting forever and people are rude.” But there’s a really deep sense of community and sweetness to this set that’s very Native specific. Even my own dad and older people I know would go to IHS to hang out because there’s free coffee.

B T-C: We looked at actual clinics toward Okmulgee and outside of Tulsa, and it was going to be hard to not disrupt their operations. Our location manager, Chris Kucharski, was able to find this space — it’s a clinic in a strip mall on the outskirts of Tulsa open two days a week. We’re able to pay them a location fee and compensate them for our use.

TS: The exterior mural is by Yatika Starr Fields. He’s been in the community a long time, has known Sterlin a long time. Everyone knows Yatika. The building loves the mural, and they’re gonna keep it forever.

B T-C: He created a mural satirizing the idea of Western medicine being gifted to Indigenous people. The perspective is kind of off; there’s an eagle and it looks like it has only one eye.

TS: The artwork around the whole building, those are my grandpa Will Sampson’s paintings. He was known for being an actor, but he was also a painter and a rodeo star. It was season one and we were being real scrappy about everything. I had the contact sheet that a relative had taken of all of his paintings, and I handed them to Brandon, like, “Do you think this can translate these to the prints that we need?” And he was like, “Absolutely.”

When Fixico is in the hospital and the camera is panning by everyone in the hallway, those paintings are all my grandpa’s. I put my dad’s blanket on Fixico’s lap while he’s in his hospital bed. I was like, This is jam-packed with love here.

B T-C: We started with the color palette, and then these cheerful PSA graphics, which — as Sterlin described — are “uselessly optimistic,” especially the anti-diabetes posters. We looked at all the real-life examples and made them a hair less subtle. It was perfect and hilarious and kind of sad. We also collaborated with Ben Brown, who’s another local artist, to create this Spirit Anatomy poster. Rather than a regular anatomy poster, it reveals the culturally significant objects that make up Spirit’s life force.

This season, I pitched what I thought was an absurdly unsubtle idea of adding a buffalo mural to the break room. We were honored to have Johnnie Diacon come in and create this astonishingly beautiful, subtle piece of original art. He painted it on a Saturday. Nobody else was there, it was deserted and quiet. I came in just to hang out with him.

TS: He’s like the BFG: this big, sweet, comfortable Native man. He has such a sweet, soft voice and his stories are so hard, like a lot of Native people. They’ve had to endure a lot of hard things their whole life, but there’s such a groundedness and a calmness to him about the things that happened in his life and how he carries them.

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On the road out of Okern, this kitschy tourist spot holds a cacophony of somewhat offensive and clichéd Native-themed items that the production and set-decoration teams were given the freedom to dream up. The one scripted item: a Medicine Man machine, voiced by Dallas Goldtooth, whose fortunes are about as opaque as the advice Goldtooth’s spirit William Knifeman gives to Bear. 

B T-C: We wondered, can we shoot in a real trading post? The closest one was about two hours away, and that’s too far. We found a great location closer to Okmulgee. It was a gas station on one side and a diner on the other. Tafv and the set decorator for season one, Javed Noorullah, did an amazing job of working with local vendors to rent all these materials. We had a lot of freedom to find the objects we thought were appropriate for that kind of a store. I do remember a conversation between myself and Sterlin: “How offensive should this be? Is there a limit?”

TS: What are you going to find in the Toontown version of Native American stuff? The things Native people pick up and say, “Are you kidding me?” We had Jinx spray: “Lift the hex with this aerosol spray!” It was actually weirdly hard to find some of the stuff in our heads, like teddy bears with headdresses. We’re like, Maybe people are a little more aware now than they were before. We wanted to have a Native American statue in the front, but it couldn’t be a good one. It had to be one that has, like, a crooked eye.

B T-C: Yatika again came in and painted this giant teepee structure and a Native American statue that we put outside, following the mandate that this should be a more unsubtle and borderline offensive space. In the convenience store section, we put graphics up on the wall that I had seen in a reference photo: a spear and a feather.

The Medicine Man was a question of, how much are we going to make it look like William Knifeman? Is it going to be too strange if it’s an exact replica of his face? Will that detract from the joke? We sourced a machine that was several states away. We put a wig on it and put the clothing on it, and we created the little cards that come out.

TS: It kept talking when it was not supposed to. [Laughs.] We had it in the office and we’re like, “This thing is unplugged, but it’s spitting out one last word. This thing is cursed! Don’t look it in the eyes!”

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In season one, Elora Danan’s grandmother Mabel is physically around but emotionally absent — not nearly as close with Elora as Bear is with his mother, Rita, or Willie Jack with her father, Leon. The two don’t seriously discuss Elora’s present or future, and it’s revealed as the series progresses that Mabel withdrew after the death of Cookie, her daughter and Elora’s mother, when Elora was 3. In season two, Elora returns to Okern when she learns that Mabel is dying, an event that unites generations of the community. In the bottle episode that takes place entirely inside Mabel and Elora’s home, and particularly in Mabel’s bedroom, Okern’s elders and aunties honor her life and guide her passing. 

TS: When someone is passing away on TV, it’s always a very solemn scene, and there’s tension and quiet. We didn’t want that for Mabel. We wanted the house to feel alive. That’s how it is: The community comes together and there are kids running around and auntie drama happening in the backyard. We wanted her room, her space, and that house to feel jam-packed full of that community, even if it’s just her and Elora sitting there. My dad had passed the exact same way; he was in hospice, and as it was coming toward the end, he wanted to be at home. I had a real emotional time making this set: What would I have wanted, had I had the time and mental wherewithal to actually plan a space like that?

B T-C: Anybody who’s been in this sort of tribal housing is going to recognize this layout and will feel a sense of familiarity and authenticity. Everything going into Mabel’s room had to be special and evoke the proper emotion.

TS: I wanted it to be filled with everything that meant something to somebody on this show who had lost a loved one or a family member. We went around to the crew and asked, “Do you have anything you would like to be in this room with her?” Neosha Pendergraft’s mom, Shan Goshorn, was an amazing painter, so we got her paintings. TJ Redcorn was our PA and we have an original painting by his family member. We have my auntie’s “Hunk Wall” — she was obsessed with Bon Jovi and Marlon Brando, and had taped magazine cutouts of her hunks on this board. I put my dad’s second-grade picture in the lampshade, so you can see it when Fixico’s singing and lighting sage. We had some necklaces, we had some actual clothing; there’s a jacket hanging on the wall that belonged to a crew member’s relative who had passed away. We had a traditional Creek love doll from a crew member hanging next to Mabel’s bed. They’re very sweet and beaded and felted, and we put it right next to her headboard so it was almost watching over her. Some things were really sacred objects and some were just silly, but they carried a lot of weight. About ten to 15 people gave us things — the number of things in the room was in the 40s.

We all took turns coming into that room and crying. I sat and let myself feel everything of all the people that were in this room — their things that they left behind that their loved ones hold dear. It was such a strong room energetically.

B T-C: When I’m out scouting homes, I always respectfully ask if I can take pictures of the photos on the wall or the Bible quotes on the fridge or the cereal on top of the fridge. Those are the tiny details that create the world. For Mabel’s house, I drove the graphic designer crazy thinking about what to create for the fridge. I wanted this bingo card promotion from the Okern Times, and then Rob-n-Cleo’s and other local businesses’ advertisements next to this bingo card.

A major resource was the family photos of people from the community who are in the art department. For Mabel’s, we had so many great photos from Sierra Revis, an assistant art director who showed us her aunt’s house in Oklahoma. One photo had a burn mark from an iron on a rug and I was like, This is what we need to tell this story. I had something like that in my house growing up. We did bring in an iron, heat it up, and actually burn the carpet to tell the story of, maybe Mabel was ironing and a tiny Elora Danan knocked the iron over. We also did a collage for Elora Danan’s bedroom wall. Actress Geraldine Keams gave us an amazing photo of her from 30 years ago, holding a Budweiser on a couch.

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Photo: Shane Brown/FX

Photo: Shane Brown/FX

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In season-two episode “Offerings,” Willie Jack goes to prison to visit Hokti, her aunt and Daniel’s mother. Played by Lily Gladstone, Hokti turned away from her family after her son’s suicide; the only thing hanging in her cell is an old photograph of Daniel. But after snacking on Flaming Flamers and cracking open cans of Skux — all overseen by a spirit mentor played by Sampson herself — Hokti guides Willie Jack to an understanding of her place within generations of Native people persevering, coming together, and watching over each other.

B T-C: The locations department immediately said, “We have to be in Tulsa to make this work logistically,” and there was only one possible location, the Adult Detention Center on Charles Paige Boulevard. It was an abandoned, dilapidated prison the county was using for storage. Every square inch was jammed with massive office equipment and other detritus, and there was no water, no power, no lights, nothing. It had been completely shut down. We had this insane cleanup effort spearheaded by the locations department, and then we built different walls to have the layout we wanted. We ended up painting and we brought in all our own signage, our own vending machines.

We needed prison tables, and we didn’t have the time to ship them in from a prop house — there are no prop houses in Oklahoma, which is part of the glory of the show; everything feels so original and so real because it is original and real. Prison tables are not something you can fake by going to Bed Bath & Beyond. We needed to steal them from another part of the jail. Our set-decoration team spent days grinding out these prison tables that were bolted into cement, then hauling them over to our actual set and securing them there. It was hilarious because you’d be scavenging for something you wanted, you’d see it in another room and try to get in, then realize it was securely locked because it’s a prison. And nobody had the key. [Laughs.] The set-decoration and the art department worked miracles transforming the space. It was totally worth it for the amazing scenes with Lily and Paulina and Tafv in there. The photo of Daniel was provided by actor Dalton Cramer. We had a lot of great family photos from him, and Sterlin chose the one in that episode.

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Shane Brown/FX

Shane Brown/FX

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In the third season, Bear gets separated from the Rez Dogs on the way home from California and is abducted by an older man who talks about preparing for the arrival of alien “star people,” tends to a greenhouse full of eggplants, and has a connection to Okern that Bear doesn’t immediately pick up on. Played by Native icon Graham Greene, Maximus has a central role in the series’ final episodes, and his compound had to reflect an initial ominousness that gives way to his later reveal as a Native elder in need of friendship.

B T-C: We really had to scale up to build the world of Maximus. This was an opportunity to show a vision that was cinematic and a little grander than what we’ve seen in Okern previously.

I scouted different properties until I saw this decrepit, about-to-fall-over house, and I liked that it could tell a story: He grew up in the house and when his parents passed, it got too deteriorated to live in, so he brought in a trailer and moved next door. The other thing I loved was this old gnarled tree with branches that twisted out in every direction in the back. The branches touch the ground in front and part slightly to form a natural doorway. It had this fantastic mythical look to it.

TS: It was a really interesting set to make, because when Bear wakes up, it’s supposed to be the dark, scary, typical conspiracy-theorist home we know very well onscreen. But later in the episode, it had to become a Native home that we recognize as part of this show, that has the warmth and the details. How do we make this place seem kind of terrifying, but there’s tenderness surrounding it and you don’t want to leave? The pillowcase Bear is sleeping on was my great-grandma’s pillowcase. On Maximus’s counter, we have boxes of Little Debbie Star Crunch cookies. We ended up consulting with amazing people like Harvey Pratt, who is a Native forensic artist. He gave us his prints.

B T-C: We had to transform the derelict trailer interior, build the greenhouse with rows of eggplants, build the stone-wall tin-roof shed to hold Maximus’s treasured objects, and figure out how to create the escape tunnel. We researched what the “star people” concept meant in Indigenous culture, we spoke to elders and other people in the community about their experiences, then we wove all of that into the sets. We had a swirling star chart painted on the wall next to where Bear would wake up. I don’t think you saw it in the episode, but we had the night sky painted on the ceiling of the trailer so Maximus could sit on his couch and look up and see his idea of the stars above him. In the greenhouse, we have a medicine-wheel-like symbol with a star chart painted on the wall. The tunnel has similar symbols in it for Bear to find glimpses of. We brought in vintage wallpaper and wood paneling to create some visual chaos with all the different newspaper textures inside the trailer. We had to source 100 eggplants out of season from an Osage greenhouse.

TS: We wanted to nod to the 1970s episode as much as we could, and the kids’ involvement with the American Indian Movement. You’ll see a newspaper clipping behind Bear’s head when he wakes up and an upside-down American flag on the fridge.

B T-C: There’s an American Indian Movement protest poster in the shed behind him and Bear when they’re watching the footage of his friends in the ’70s. That same poster is in Maximus’s dorm room looking new.

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Deer Lady” is the most drastic departure from Reservation Dogs’ established style. Peppered with flashbacks to one of the notorious boarding schools that abducted Native children from their families and violently forced assimilation upon them, the season-three episode is both a horror movie and an origin story for Okern’s mythical vigilante. Its period-piece accuracy was accomplished through what Tonner-Connolly describes as “copious, copious” research into the destructive impact of boarding schools. What no one could prepare for, though, was the electrical fire that burned down the warehouse holding production’s materials for the episode. 

B T-C: Before we started the season officially, we were trying to find any photo of a boarding school from the late 19th century to the mid 20th century, especially on the Plains. Tafv went to Anadarko, Oklahoma, to meet with people at the historical archives and gather images, and we had a consultant come onboard, Denise K. Lajimodiere, who is the author of Stringing Rosaries: The History, the Unforgivable, and the Healing of Northern Plains American Indian Boarding School Survivors. She answered our many questions about plates, spoons, bedding, desks, everything.

Once we had all the research, we found Bacone College. It allowed us to shoot almost everything from that episode on this one campus. Danis Goulet, the director, came in with amazing visual ideas, including giving the episode a very ’70s-horror aesthetic with long lenses and this palpable sense of dread. We talked about Luca Guadagnino’s Suspiria and a few other films as color-palette references. The genre aesthetic was a nice way of making the incredibly weighty subject matter a little more digestible, so it felt fantastical or like a dream rather than a gritty doc. It also set this particular episode aside in its own very separate universe.

We started in this giant hall that was being used as a storage room. It had mounted flatscreen TVs, low-pile carpet, reminders that we were in the year 2023. I looked at the references and picked out some period elements that were important, like a hardwood floor with very high gloss so it kicked back moonlight during the night scenes and added this mythical feeling. We incorporated small decorative crosses on the wood paneling so you always feel hemmed in by the religious element of the surroundings. Our art director, Matt Hyland, and our construction coordinator, Aaron Maier, were able to build and install this flooring, this paneling, and a million other details in this very large space. The whole thing has a really heavy, emotional weight of this terrible history. We had to be really mindful of the toll it may take on people in the art department and everybody else.

TS: We had a lot of crew members who had relatives at boarding school at that time. There was a lot of crying. That episode was not only emotionally tough, but our warehouse burned down the week before with everything in it. They ruled it to be an electrical fire. Because of time and money, we had to keep going. There was no way we could stop filming. I was like, Am I going about this with the respect that it needs? I didn’t smudge the beds when they came into the warehouse. I was going a mile a minute. I was like, We all need to take a moment and remember what we’re doing here.

B T-C: I was there the night of the fire with Tafv. We saw the construction coordinator’s tools, the scenic department’s paints, the set-decoration department’s stuff. There were some elements that were priceless. We had rented period desks from a museum. All of it was destroyed.

We had a big team meeting the next morning and listened to how everyone was feeling, then decided to go forward and do our best work without looking back. That warehouse was our base of logistics — where all the construction stuff was, where we cut all the wood, where we paint. The construction department set up a satellite shop at Bacone College and were living out the back of a trailer. It was like, yes, this is terrible; yes, we’re all logistically and emotionally affected by this. But at the same time, we’ve got to do this thing. If we don’t do it, nobody’s gonna do it. And it’s got to get done, because this is an important TV show and an important episode.

TS: We all had our smudge kits and we’re like, “Get in line, everyone!” I made sure to smudge all the beds and all the desks afterward because objects carry energy. Even if these aren’t things from the actual time, it’s what we’re representing, and it’s powerful stuff. There was a lot of hurt being brought when we were making this. We’ve got to protect each other.

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Two episodes after “Deer Lady” comes another period piece: the 1970s-set “House Made of Bongs,” which takes place at the same school (now with “Indian” removed from the school sign) and introduces us to the Okern elders’ younger selves. Maximus, Bucky, Brownie, Irene, Mabel, and Fixico all appear as teenagers; so too do a variety of Easter eggs for the series, including nods to family members of the series’ crew.  

B T-C: The 1970s episode feels a little lighter, a little more familiar, a little bit to digest, both because tonally the script is more like Dazed and Confused and because these spaces in the 1960s and 1970s look like a familiar idea of high school for most people. We used Rogers State University for the classroom, hallway, school exteriors, and dorm rooms. It also gave us a big parking-lot scene. We dressed another part of campus for the Cheese post-apocalyptic video-game intro in the fishing episode.

TS: Sterlin’s mom and my dad were homecoming king and queen together at Oklahoma’s Sequoyah Indian Boarding School in the ’70s, which we did not know. They were high-school sweethearts; my dad was a basketball star and Nan, Sterlin’s mom, was this beautiful, smart, creative girl. When we were putting together this episode, we needed bunk beds; I was like, “I’m gonna contact Sequoyah and ask, ‘Do you guys have pictures of these so we could start to source?’” And the woman I work with was like, “Not only do I have pictures, we have a whole basement full of the beds from the ’70s that we never got rid of.” So we got the actual bunk beds our parents slept in and tagged them “Tim ❤️ Nan.” The coincidences that happened, the things that fell into our laps — I couldn’t have dreamt this. It’s all meant to be.

B T-C: The most fun for me was adding all the different details to the ’70s dorm room: Here’s the movie poster where we’re going to establish that Maximus is very into film. We really wanted a Two-Lane Blacktop poster, but we couldn’t get it at the last minute. Someone in the set-decoration department put in a little matchbox car of the GTO from that movie on top of the film canister on Maximus’s desk.

TS: The book Bucky gives Maximus, Mirrors Made of Millennia — we had a different book, House Made of Dawn, that he was supposed to be carrying, but the rights didn’t clear. We were like, Let’s just make up a book. Tazbah Chavez, one of our writer-directors and producers, is an amazing poet. She had written a poem called “Mirrors of Millennia,” which is a beautiful title, so we got our graphic team to mock up some artwork and they threw my name on it as the author.

B T-C: Sonic being an Oklahoma thing, it was a collaboration between production and our locations department talking to them, and they said yes to using their name. I was searching for a location we could paint and make our own signage for, and we’re lucky we found a fast-food restaurant ten minutes away. We created our own sign, painted it red and white, added the period Sonic menus — they gave us permission so we could do that.

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In series finale “Dig,” the entire Okern community gathers — as they did in “Mabel” — to say good-bye to medicine man Fixico at a church and cemetery that haven’t appeared in the series before. Nearly every Native character previously seen on the show pops up in the episode, either hanging out outside with the elders, cooking in the kitchen with the aunties, or digging the grave with the uncles overnight. As one of the last scenes filmed for the series, the ceremony was a meaningful end for the crew’s years of work. 

TS: That’s a real Native church an hour from Tulsa. Wotko Long is everywhere in this show — he’s playing the security guard, he’s singing next to Mabel. When we went to scout the cemetery, there’s a guy on a lawnmower mowing between the graves. I was like, “Is that Wotko?” It was! He tends to the grounds of that church. In real life, he’s so part of the community. And we’re all going around looking at the names and saying, “I think we might be related to that person.”

B T-C: We wanted to be respectful of everything and everyone here. We ended up getting a space approved by the cemetery for digging the grave and we came up with a chart of how it would look for each scene. We dug a full grave in one spot and then a couple feet away dug half a grave, and then we were able to shoot back-and-forth according to what the scene indicated.

When we were digging the actual grave, the backhoe wasn’t totally cutting it. We had our people actually digging a grave by hand. They got down to four feet and they were like, “It’s bedrock after this, is this good enough?” I was like “No, it’s not, unfortunately.” [Laughs.] It’s got to be as deep as the actual grave would be. This is such an emotional moment. We’re going to have people standing in the grave. We don’t want 100 people out here filming this scene and then somebody’s like, “Well, it might be a little shallow.” We ended up having to jackhammer through bedrock to get it down to six feet.

TS: We added some curtains to the interior of the church. Fixico is such a vibrant part of this show, and we really wanted his arrangements and feeling of his casket to be as abundant and as warm as the summer they’re in. We decided on wildflowers, because that’s what he is. Richard Ray Whitman gave us his own blanket, which is really special.

B T-C: We built all 30 benches for that outdoor space. We left them with the church so they could use them after that. It was a really special experience being in that space at night, shooting the last couple scenes of the entire show and having everybody together. After we wrapped, we all went over to a space next to the church outside of the cemetery and Sterlin got up and gave a speech about the show and his feelings and thanking everybody. Everybody hugged and had a nice sort of reminiscence over the past couple of years. There was not a dry eye.

These interviews have been edited and condensed for clarity.


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Oakland artist bringing color to art and activism

Oakland artist bringing color to art and activism

It seems appropriate that in her colorful, native Oakland, where street murals and graffiti are exacted in a rainbow of hues, Favianna Rodriguez’s own West Oakland studio would bathe her in yet even more color.

The daylight streaming through the industrial warehouse windows lit up the artist and her artworks — images crafted from pieces of colored paper — disparate elements fused together to form images of flowers, people, animals and natural landscapes.  

“In a lot of my work you will see butterflies,” Rodriguez said, “you will see trees, you’ll see an appreciation for the natural world.” 

Dipping into the world of the artist’s childhood, it’s easy to see where Rodriguez’s palette formed; she was raised in a Latin American household, the daughter of immigrants, surrounded in a gritty world imbued with colors that would find their way into her works. 

“It just made me realize, that though my neighborhood was a hard place to grow up in,” she said, “art was always something positive and I could bring a lot of color and joy into the world through the creation of things.”

While one could trace a logical path from the environment into Rodriguez’s art, it’s a little trickier tracking her journey toward becoming a professional artist. As a kid there were few Latinos portrayed in cartoons or on television to serve as artistic inspiration. She didn’t hear much about her own culture in school. Her parents didn’t nudge her toward an art career. She had to make her own way. 

“For me becoming an artist was a way to find my voice and express myself,” Rodriguez said. 

Rodriguez’s works are intensely public feats — large public works created for the City of San Francisco or the Presidio National Park. She’s partnered to create art with Ben and Jerry’s, Old Navy and even Playboy Magazine. 

But more importantly, Rodriguez has partnered her art with her sense of activism — her interests ranging from social justice to racial reckoning to climate in crisis. On the latter issue, she delivered an impassioned speech on the subject at the United Nations Climate Summit. Last month she visited the Amazon with a climate delegation to meet with water protectors on the Tapajós River. 

“So when I see wildfires and floods and extreme weather,” Rodriguez said, “to me it inspires me to create art that really awakens people to know that we have a responsibility.” 

It’s why her art is filled with an abundance of references to nature — the kind surrounding us, the kind often overlooked, the kind being destroyed. 

“I make art about the redwoods, I make art about rivers,” she said, “I make art about different kinds of species that are no longer here because they’ve gone extinct.” 

Last year as the Presidio National Park opened its new long-awaited Tunnel Tops Park, Rodriguez was asked to create art to usher in the new site. She used paper to create a ground mural called “Ancestral Futurism” depicting leaves, trees as well as grizzly bears which were once common in the state but wiped out by hunting and development. 

“When I collaborated with the Presidio National Park,” she said, “my goal was to make the park more inviting and welcoming to communities of color.” 

Her activism has become as essential to her as her art — the two, in fact, forged into a singular gesture of expression. Her work is as much informed by the murals she witnessed as a child, as it is from the social injustices she witnessed as a kid in Oakland’s streets. In that sense, her words are as sharp a tool as her scissors. 

“I believe that as artists we can also change the world,” Rodriguez said, “because we have the potential to open up people’s hearts and imaginations.” 

What to see, do and hear: “Lost Girl,” Art Week, Sarah Peacock, Flamenco, more

What to see, do and hear: “Lost Girl,” Art Week, Sarah Peacock, Flamenco, more

DANCE

As part of choreographer Nadya Zeitlin’s residency at Core Dance, artists in her company, Bautanzt Here, will share a work in progress as part of the Core Dance Salon: The Art of Conversation series. The company will present a short exerpt of Zeitlin’s latest work The Othering, testing the interactive component of the dance. ArtsATL‘s Robin Wharton recently talked with Zeitlin about her professional and personal journey. Attendees will have the opportunity to share feedback with the artists. Donation-based drinks and light snacks will be available. Saturday at 6 p.m. Free. Registration required.

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The Atlanta Flamenco Festival will offer a special performance Friday at the Red Light Café. A group of artists will celebrate the music of Jerez de la Frontera, as performed by singer Pepele Méndez. Many of Atlanta’s flamenco artists will be performing along with guest artist Valeria Montes, known as “La Chispa” or “The Spark” for her singing and her complex, rhythmic zapateado. The award-winning dancer, who studied in both the United States and Spain, is now executive and artistic director of Casa Flamenca in Albuquerque, New Mexico. 8 p.m. Tickets $25 in advance. $30 at the door.

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MUSIC

Acclaimed singer/songwriter Sarah Peacock comes home for a show at Eddie’s Attic Friday at 9 p.m. The Lawrenceville native grew up performing in church and was forbidden to listen to any secular music. She moved to Nashville in 2001 to attend Belmont University to study commercial music. Peacock has released eight albums during her career, and her latest, Burn the Witch, is an ambitious project that draws parallels between current events and the 1692 Salem Witch Trials. Tickets are $20.

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Rick Beato will perform at the Variety Playhouse this week.

A native of Fairport, New York, Rick Beato was a music teacher, guitarist and producer who helmed a project by the band Parmalee that resulted in a No. 1 song. But Beato’s rise to fame comes from his YouTube channel that has more than 3.5 million subscribers — where he talks about music and interviews stars including Sting, Brian May and Pat Metheny. Beato now lives in Atlanta and recently talked about his journey with ArtsATL. He does a live version of his YouTube show September 28 at the Variety Playhouse that will include a reunion of his old band, Billionaire. Tickets are $35.

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The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra returns to Piedmont Park Saturday evening for another of its popular semiannual concerts in the idyllic setting of Oak Hill. The program will begin at 6:30 p.m. with a chamber music ensemble from the Atlanta Symphony Youth Orchestra. The main orchestra will perform at 7:30 p.m. under the baton of William R. Langley, spotlighting selections from the upcoming 2023-24 season, along with movie themes by John Williams. Attendees are encouraged to bring blankets, picnics and lounge chairs; food trucks will also be on-site.

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ART+DESIGN

This is the last weekend to see the shows at Whitespace Gallery, among them Correspondencesan exhibition of works by Wansoo KimSharona EliassafNeha VedpathakRubens Ghenov and Emily Weiner. Originating from locations around the world, these five artists work professionally throughout the United States, in media ranging from painting and ceramics to paper and sculptural installation. The exhibition revolves around the unique symbolism of each individual artist and the relationships created between their wide-ranging artworks converging in a shared space. It closes on Saturday.

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The High Museum is among those participating in Atlanta Art Week.

The second annual Atlanta Art Week kicks off on Monday and runs through October 8. More than 40 of the city’s arts organizations, among them museums, galleries and nonprofits, will be participating. There will be openings, panel discussions, artist talks, lectures, museum tours, parties and more throughout the city. See ArtsATL’s preview by Gillian Anne Renault. Most events are free.

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The two-person exhibit Within Your Reach at the Swan Coach House Gallery features work by Larson Shindelman and McKinna Anderson and is curated by Maria L. Kelly. Drawing from content posted on X (formerly Twitter) and Tinder, the artists in this exhibition explore the interplay between self-presentation online and the desire to be seen and heard by others. On Saturday at 3 p.m., the artists will engage in a discussion about the show. On October 5, the gallery is offering a curated tour of the exhibit at 5 p.m. as part of Atlanta Art Week. Through October 19.

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THEATER

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The world premiere production of “Lost Girl” at Milwaukee Repertory Theatre. (Photo by Michael Brosilow)

Revisit your past self from childhood with Lost Girl, on stage this weekend only at Theatre Emory. Written by and now for the first time directed by Kimberly Belflower, the play follows the adult life of Wendy Darling many years after Peter Pan. Read ArtsATL critic Luke Evans’ preview from this week and find out the real-life heartbreak that inspired Belflower to write her award-winning production. 

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Passing Strange opens at Theatrical Outfit this Friday, book and music written by Stew. The musical depicts a narrator, known only as Youth, who has fled the United States to find rock ‘n’ roll fame in Europe. Read ArtsATL critic and editor-at-large Kelundra Smith’s preview from this week to hear director Thomas W. Jones II talk about mothers, sons and the power of music to heal our innermost wounds. 

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Travis Sharp and Haddon Kime’s original scripted musical, Wicket, is remastered and coming back to the Dad’s Garage stage after a successful nationwide tour. Through song and dance, the performance rewrites a classic Star Wars tale from an Ewok’s perspective, with all the laughs you would expect from Dad’s. The show runs Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays at 8 p.m. Through October 21. Tickets start at $39. 

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FILM+TV

Out on Film continues through October 1. The full lineup of this award-winning LGBTQ film festival includes 44 features and 15 shorts programs for a total of 151 films representing 27 countries. Screenings take place at Landmark Midtown Art Cinema and various other local spots, so check show details. Passes start at $50 for a five-film package. 

The Most Dramatic Operation to Recover Looted Native American Art

The Most Dramatic Operation to Recover Looted Native American Art
operation cerberus action looted native american art

 

As the sun rose on June 10, 2009, the small city of Blanding, Utah, looked more like a scene from an action movie than real life. Over 100 armed FBI agents descended on eight homes to arrest the 23 people they considered key players grave-robbing ring in a modern grave-robbing ring. The raid and subsequent fallout have divided the community ever since, with some feeling that it was a long-overdue response to the looting of Indigenous sites, while others regard it as an example of government overreach and overkill.

A History of Looting Native American Artifacts

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Cleaning out a grave during Gerard Fowke archaeological excavation at Dawson Mound 7, 1907 via Missouri Historical Society

But how did we get to a point where such significant looting was going on in the first place?

Unfortunately, the looting of Native American artifacts has a long and troubling history in the Americas, dating to the first European explorers. Seen as exotic novelties, it was not unusual for people, corpses, and their material culture to be taken for display in Europe, often without consent.

As the impact of colonization resulted in the death of an estimated 90% of the Indigenous population, settlers and Europeans increasingly began to regard Native American cultures as dead or dying. By the late 1800s, this belief, known as “the myth of the vanished Indian”, led a great many Antiquarians and Anthropologists to launch expeditions across the Americas with the goal of collecting as much material culture as possible for museums and universities across North America and Europe.

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At the same time, private individuals were looting Indigenous sites with no lofty but misguided ideals of “saving” Native American cultures from being forgotten. Rather, they were in it for the money. So long as wealthy collectors worldwide desired rare and interesting artifacts from the Americas without asking too many questions about how the item was acquired.

Actual Native Americans were never asked for permission or consent.

The Government Intervenes

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Damage and evidence of looting at an archaeological site located near Beaver Dam, Arizona, by BLM Arizona Strip District, via St George News

Concern about these private looters and dealers led the US government to pass the Antiquities Act in 1906. This was to protect archaeological material — including human remains — from looters and dealers by designating them as federal resources. In 1979 the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) was passed, which regards Indigenous sites over 100 years old to be “an irreplaceable part of the Nation’s heritage”.

These acts, it should be noted, were not to protect Native American sites from exploitation, but only from unsanctioned excavation. It was still fine to disturb Indigenous sacred sites and take artifacts from them if the government said you could or if the sites were on private land. While still deeply problematic regarding the treatment of Native American sites and materials, ARPA at least made the trade of indigenous artifacts recovered on tribal or federal property illegal.

Looting Shenanigans in Utah

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Mesa Verde cliff dwellings, via US National Park Service

It was not exactly a surprise to the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the agency responsible for managing Federal Lands, that widespread looting was still ongoing despite ARPA.

In the Four Corners region,  and particularly in the South East corner of Utah, “pot hunting” had become an ingrained part of the local culture, at least among the non-Native population, with everyone from family groups on day trips to commercial grave robbers with helicopters engaged in digging up ancient Native American artifacts for their personal collections. By 1979, almost 50% of archaeological sites had already been plundered by looters.

These artifacts were mostly, but not exclusively, from the Anasazi people, an ancient culture who occupied the Colorado Plateau between 1500BCE and 1300CE before they disappeared, leaving a rich material legacy of cave dwellings, beautiful ceramics, turkey-feather blankets, and weaponry.

The Hopi and Zuni nations are considered the direct descendants of the Anasazi, while the Navajo nation, who occupy the same region, regard them with deference and respect as their forebears on the land. All these Native American nations have deep-rooted religious and cultural practices about the Anasazi, however, and strongly feel that their remains should be considered sacred sites and left in peace. The looters, obviously, disagreed.

In 1986, law enforcement raided over 15 homes and businesses in Utah for their illegal looting and trading of Anasazi artifacts, even catching county commissioners in their sweep, but the State Attorney refused to press charges. Pot hunting continued, and while BLM and the FBI did make occasional arrests, it was incredibly rare for anyone to face serious consequences for their crimes, no matter the damage they had done to sacred sites and the archaeological record.

But then, in 2006, law enforcement finally got a break.

Operation Cerberus Action

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Anasazi jar or Olla, circa 950ce, in Metropolitan Museum of Art

Ted Gardiner hadn’t started out to become a looter and dealer in Anasazi artifacts. In fact, he had initially had a great respect for the ancient culture, and regarded digging on their sites as sacrilege. A series of personal setbacks and addiction issues, however, had left him homeless and desperate, so he turned to looting and trading as a way to make an income. As he continued to spiral downwards, a local BLM ranger took notice, and directed the FBI to Gardiner with an offer: help law enforcement to infiltrate the local looting ring in exchange for $7,500 a month and immunity.

FBI special agent Gibson Wilson and BLM special agent Dan Love worked with Gardiner to identify the black market traders in looted Native American artifacts. Over the next two years, Gardiner wore a wire as he conversed with the suspects, made deals for illegally obtained items, and even accompanied them on looting trips on Federal and Tribal lands. Even though the dealers would often provide fake provenance letters for the items Gardiner bought, claiming they were from private land, he would make them show him on maps where the item had really been procured. This evidence was used to prove that the looters knew they were taking the items illegally. In this way, the task force obtained over 256 items valued at over $300,000 dollars from around 25 looters and illegal dealers.

Once they had the goods, the FBI prepared to move in for the arrests; their operation was called Cerberus Action.

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Anasazi figurines, or Mimbres, carved from volcanic tuff circa 1000bce, via Brooklyn Museum

On the morning of June 10th 2009, armed FBI officers descended on the predominantly Mormon town of Blanding, Utah, assisted by BLM agents and local and state police. Twenty-four people were ultimately arrested and later indicted by a grand jury in what the FBI regarded as a strong message to looters and black-market dealers across the country: the trade in illegally obtained Native American goods would no longer be tolerated.

Over 40,000 objects were seized from multiple private residences, including pottery, textiles, ancient clothing, figurines, and more. Some of the items recovered are unique in the record and are of significant cultural, scientific, and archaeological interest, while others have been stripped of all historic value as it is unknown where they were recovered.

The suspects, however, were not the type of people that most would consider key players in the shady world of illegal antiquities dealing. They included a high school math teacher, the brother of a local sheriff, respected senior citizens, and the local doctor. The raid and their arrest caused an uproar in the 3000-strong community of Blanding, and almost immediately, claims of government overreach and excessive force began to fly. Locals were quickly divided into two camps: those who felt that Operation Cerberus Action was long overdue, and those who felt the people who had been arrested had done nothing wrong.

The Fallout

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Well-preserved deer skin moccasins filled with juniper bark padding recovered as part of Operation Cerberus Action, via Barg and Palus (2020), ‘Recovering Looted Artifacts and the Art of Deciding What to Curate: The Cerberus Collection’, courtesy of BLM

While no one was physically hurt during the FBI raid, casualties did occur in the following months, starting with the suicide of Dr James Redd, the morning after he was arrested. He was facing felony charges with potential imprisonment due to the collection that his wife, Jeanne, was so passionate about collecting despite earlier brushes with the law, and his daughter had also been arrested and charged.

Dr Redd and Jeanne had previously been charged with the felony desecration of a grave in 1996, the case dragging on for five years and causing him significant stress and torment. The charges against him were ultimately dropped while his wife got only six months probation, but the prospect of going through that process a second time seemed to be too much. The Redds, like other defendants, were told they could face as much as 35 years in prison for their crimes, lose professional licenses, and be branded as criminals within their strict Mormon community.

Jeanne Redd later filed a wrongful death suit against the agents who raided their home, accusing them of using excessive force, inflating the value of the items in their collection and threatening Dr Redd to make him confess to crimes she claims he did not commit. The case was ultimately dismissed as groundless by a federal judge.

Jeanne Redd ultimately pled guilty to seven charges in the Cerberus Action case, while her daughter, Jericca, pled guilty to illegally digging up artifacts on Navajo tribal land. They only received probationary sentencing and paid fines of $2,000 and $300 respectively, although they did forfeit their collections of Native American artifacts.

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Ruins at the Canyon of the Ancients National Monument, Colorado, via BLM

Dr Redd’s suicide was sadly not the last. The following week collector Steven Shrader also committed suicide following interviews and charges from the FBI in relation to Operation Cerberus Action. He had not been one of the people arrested in the dawn raid, but had been implicated during the investigation.

The final death came a year later. While government informant Ted Gardiner had never expressed any regret over his involvement in Cerberus Action, he was deeply affected by the suicides of Redd and Shrader and felt guilt over their deaths. His addictions resurfaced, and in March 2010, Gardiner took his own life.

Of the rest of the defendants, 11 pled guilty to felonies, eight to misdemeanors and charges were dismissed against six more. Many had to give up their collections and a few faced marginal fines.

No one went to prison.

A Community Divided

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Exterior of the Moonhouse archaeological site, Utah, via BLM

BLM specialists spent years sorting through the artifacts recovered as part of Cerberus Action, returning some to their Native American tribal descendants, and placing others into national museum collections for future study. The historical and cultural significance of the collection is considered immeasurable and will be key to furthering our understanding of ancient American cultures.

Despite this, many people in the Four Corners area remain bitter and angry about the case, especially after the suicides. Despite knowing and acknowledging that looting is illegal, they do not feel it is immoral, claiming that the majority of residents still take part in pot-hunting. In their opinion, there is no harm caused by their actions, and if anything, the opinion is that residents have every right to hunt for and collect Indigenous artifacts in their region, and that the Federal government are overstepping their bounds by trying to prosecute those found with illegal items in their possession.

Many others disagree. Archaeologists emphasize how looting has destroyed much of the historic record in the Four Corners region, for once an item has been removed from its context it is not possible to just “put it back”. Local Native American nations regard the trade as tomb robbing and desecration – all the more so because graves are so frequently targeted for their intact goods. Many people feel that NAGPRA does not go far enough and that stricter penalties for looters are necessary to discourage the illegal antiquities trade, because it is an extremely lucrative trade in which few are sufficiently punished for their participation.

Looting Native American Artifacts: The Future

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Anasazi State Park exhibition, via Utah.com

Operation Cerberus Action has not stopped the looting of Native American sites or significantly changed community attitudes toward the practice. If anything, it has made many participants dig their heels in further. Changing attitudes takes time, and a combination of strict penalties coupled with community education and outreach is needed to make any real dent in the trade.

To those who might consider the illegal looting of Native American sites as no big deal, ask yourself this: would you be okay with someone raiding your ancestor’s graves so they could profit from the sale of their bones and items? The descendants of these ancient people are still here, still alive, and still fighting back against the destruction and disrespect of their culture.

New Red Order Built a Fake World’s Fair in Queens to Make a Very Real Demand: Give Back All Native Stolen Lands Now

New Red Order Built a Fake World’s Fair in Queens to Make a Very Real Demand: Give Back All Native Stolen Lands Now

Queens, New York has hosted the World’s Fair twice: once in 1939, and then again in 1964. Now the borough is home to something else: “The World’s UnFair,” a feverish carnival of attractions that evoke the look of those old 20th-century exposbut not their nationalistic aims. New Red Order, the group of Native artists behind the public art project, has an altogether different agenda in mind: the return of all Indigenous land.  

The Creative Time-presented exhibition opened this month in a raw, half-block lot that is owned by a developer, but not yet developed. In theory, that sense of provisionality teases the possibility that the site could be restituted. For now, it feels like it’s been hijacked. Wheatpaste posters styled like men’s magazine ads tote “rematriation services” on the lot’s walls. So do sandwich boards inside. Tribal flags are staked in Home Depot buckets and strung like banners at a car lot. A film, pitched like a corporate commercial, reminds us to “Never Settle.” It plays inside a sculpture that is half cheval de frise, half white picket fence, while an animatronic beaver and tree chat about settler colonialism nearby. 

This is a body of work that is not afraid to hit you over the head with what it has to say, even if that means mocking pockets of its audience along the way. But the cumulative effect is powerful. It’s the most essential show in New York right now. 

New Red Order, Dexter and Sinister (2023). Courtesy of New Red Order and Creative Time.

New Red Order defines itself as a “public secret society composed of networks of informants and accomplices dedicated to rechanneling desires for indigeneity towards the expansion of Indigenous futures.” If that description sounds elaborate, it’s because it was designed that way. “We don’t want to be contained to just being an art collective,” New Red Order said in a recent interview. (The three founding founders interviewed for this article—Adam and Zack Khalil, both of the Ojibway, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, and Jackson Polys, of Tlingit heritage—prefer to be identified under the collective banner of the group.)  

The language of the mission statement is also coded with New Red Order’s argot. By “informants,” it means people who share knowledge of their own communities and cultures. “Accomplices” are those who support informants. The shadowy tone of it all echoes, with knowing irony, the group’s namesake, a 19th-century white fraternity called the “Improved Order of Red Men.” (The organization, which once counted Presidents Warren Harding and Franklin Roosevelt as members, often used Native designs and rituals.) 

But not all of New Red Order’s messaging is that complicated. The group’s central refrain—and the title of its main, ongoing body of work—leaves little room for misinterpretation: “Give it back.” It is both a provocation and a demand: Give back all land to the peoples who were forcibly displaced from it by colonialists. Give it back now.  

Installation view of “New Red Order: The World’s UnFair,” September 15 October 15, 2023. Courtesy of New Red Order and Creative Time.

Throughout “The World’s UnFair,” you’ll find variations of that message presented through the visual language of agitprop, infographics, recruitment videos, real estate placards, and other pieces of media that, in their ordinary states, are used to sell the idea of a better life. Many of these works also feature the same recurring character, played by veteran actor—and frequent New Red Order collaborator—Jim Fletcher. He is the apparent ringmaster of this weird pageant, but also something of a mascot. The group first met the white actor after he donned Native American garb in a 2014 stage Wooster Group play called “CRY, TROJANS!” The incident stoked backlash among Native communities. 

Regretful of the decision, Fletcher—who now identifies as an “accomplice” and a “Native American impersonator”—has since given himself over to a number of New Red Order projects. For a 2017 Artists Space performance conceived by the group, he stripped naked, put on a department store “Indian” costume, and apologized for his role in “CRY, TROJANS!” Even when the joke is on him, Fletcher, to his credit, is game. 

“It’s Jim Fletcher playing Jim Fletcher,” New Red Order said of the layers to the actor’s performance in “The World’s UnFair,” referring to him as a proxy. “If we say ‘Give it Back,’ I worry that it gets dismissed by many people. But if a successful middle-aged non-Native performance artist says it, maybe it has a chance of making it out of the echo chamber.” 

Installation view of “New Red Order: The World’s UnFair,” September 15 October 15, 2023. Courtesy of New Red Order and Creative Time.

With its puppets and punny riffs of self-help speak and jingoistic lingo, “The World’s UnFair” is very funny (one banner reads “Mission Accomplice,” referencing the infamous George W. Bush proclamation). The tone is a welcome twist on the solemnity that typically categorizes projects about indigeneity or repatriation, though it has its risks as well.  

“At times, humor has been a roadblock for some people to engage, because they don’t want to be made fun of,” said the group. “We find it’s a necessary way to engage, to crack open really uncomfortable conversations in ways that don’t lead to the expected places, to keep people on their toes… so they can’t easily categorize it in ways that they already understand.” 

But in putting together “The World’s UnFair,” New Red Order’s members also found themselves drawn to an earnestness that hasn’t always been present in their past work. Playing on several screens throughout the show are examples from their ongoing Give It Back series of documentary-style films highlighting people who have voluntarily repatriated land to Indigenous communities, tribes, or non-profits. Surrounded by works barbed with wit, these clips have a refreshing sincerity. 

“We found a need to [lean] a little bit more toward sincerity and transparency,” New Red Order explained. “That way, the real, powerful actions that real people are taking to address settler colonialization and the ongoing occupation of Indigenous land isn’t disregarded as a fantasy or as a joke, but seen as something real.” 

New Red Order: The World’s UnFair” is on view now through October 15, 2023 at 24-17 Jackson Ave. in Long Island City, Queens.

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Western Washington artist sentenced to two years of probation for selling fake Native American art

Western Washington artist sentenced to two years of probation for selling fake Native American art

Lewis Rath sold totem poles, masks, and pendants at Seattle retail shops, including Pike Place, for over a year, says the U.S. Attorney’s Office.

SEATTLE — A 54-year-old pretending to be a member of the San Carlos Apache Tribe was sentenced to two years of probation and 200 hours of community service after selling fake Native American art.

Lewis Anthony Rath from Maple Falls pleaded guilty to violating the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. For over a year, Rath sold the fake art pieces to Seattle retail stores. 

During sentencing, U.S. District Judge Tana Lin read aloud the letter from San Carlos Apache Tribe chairman Terry Rambler. In the letter, he underscored the harm caused to the 17,000 tribal members by Rath’s misappropriation. 

In a court statement, Assistant U.S. Attorney Tate London also added, “Rath’s victims are real: they are Indian artists, many who struggle to make a living, who lost out on sales to those who seek authentic Indian artwork; and they are also consumers who were defrauded into purchasing fake Indian art.”

According to the U.S. Attorney’s Office, the investigation began in July 2019 after a complaint was made to the Indian Arts and Crafts Board. Undercover agents were sent to the Pike Place Market gallery and bought a carved totem pole and necklace for over $1,334.  Both the artist’s biography at the shop and on websites used to sell pieces claimed Rath was Native American. 

Agents also recovered feathers from protected birds at Rath’s house during a federal warrant execution. He also pleaded guilty to violating the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in March 2023.

“His actions also undermine consumers’ confidence in the Indian art market in the Northwest and nationwide.” said U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Arts and Crafts Board  Director Meridith Stanton in a statement, “…Mr. Rath is being held accountable and the message is clear. For those selling counterfeit Indian art and craftwork, it is important to know that wherever you are we will diligently work to find you and prosecute you under the Indian Arts and Crafts Act.”

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Man who sold fake Native Art to Seattle customers sentenced to two years of probation and 200 hours of community service for violations of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act

Seattle – A 54-year-old Western Washington artist was sentenced today to 24 months of probation and 200 hours of community service for violations of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act by representing himself as a Native American artist, when he had no tribal enrollment or heritage, announced Acting U.S. Attorney Tessa M. Gorman. Lewis Anthony Rath, of Maple Falls, pleaded guilty in March 2023. U.S. District Judge Tana Lin thanked the tribal representatives who participated in the sentencing hearing. She read aloud the letter submitted by the San Carlos Apache Tribe Chairman, Terry Rambler, describing the harm to his 17,000 tribal members caused by Rath’s misappropriation of his Tribe’s culture in selling his fake artwork. Judge Lin also heard from Yavapai-Apache jewelry artist Matagi Sorensen who spoke about the importance of art to the survival of his people both culturally and financially.

According to documents filed in the case, the investigation of Lewis Anthony Rath began in July 2018, when the Indian Arts and Crafts Board received a complaint that Rath was representing himself as a San Carlos Apache Indian artist, when in fact, he is not an enrolled tribal member. For more than a year, Rath sold carved wooden totem poles, transformation masks, and pendants to Seattle retail stores, claiming they were Native American art.

Agents executed a federal search warrant at Rath’s residence and recovered feathers from birds protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, according to results from the National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Lab.

In a statement to the court, Assistant U.S. Attorney Tate London stated, “Rath’s victims are real: they are Indian artists, many who struggle to make a living, who lost out on sales to those who seek authentic Indian artwork; and they are also consumers who were defrauded into purchasing fake Indian art.”

“Lewis Anthony Rath’s false Tribal affiliation involving the San Carlos Apache Tribe cheated customers and impacted the economic and cultural livelihood of Native American artists,” said Edward Grace, Assistant Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement. “Protecting American Indian and Alaska Native culture and traditions is a critical part of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. Our dedicated team of special agents work on behalf of the U.S. Department of the Interior and the Indian Arts and Crafts Board to protect American Indian and Alaska Native artists and the consumers who purchase authentic Native American art and craftwork. This sentencing is important in the ongoing effort to hold Indian Arts and Crafts Act violators accountable. We want to thank our partners at the U.S. Department of Justice and the Indian Arts and Crafts Board for their assistance with this investigation.” 

“Counterfeit Indian art, like Lewis Anthony Rath’s carvings and jewelry that he misrepresented and sold as San Carlos Apache-made, tears at the very fabric of Indian culture, livelihoods, and communities,” stated U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Arts and Crafts Board (IACB) Director Meridith Stanton. “The IACB by statute is responsible for administering the Indian Arts and Crafts Act (IACA), an anti-counterfeiting law to protect Indian artists and consumers. Mr. Rath’s actions demean and rob authentic Indian artists who rely on the creation and sale of their artwork to put food on the table, make ends meet, and pass along these important cultural traditions and skills from one generation to the next. His actions also undermine consumers’ confidence in the Indian art market in the Northwest and nationwide. Due to the outstanding work of the Office of the U.S. Attorney-Western District of Washington and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service IACA Investigative Unit, Mr. Rath is being held accountable and the message is clear. For those selling counterfeit Indian art and craftwork it is important to know that wherever you are we will diligently work to find you and prosecute you under the Indian Arts and Crafts Act.” 

The case was investigated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law Enforcement. The case was prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney and Tribal Liaison J. Tate London.