Photography

4 Techniques of 19th-Century Photography You Should Know

4 Techniques of 19th-Century Photography You Should Know
19th century photography techniques

 

Before the invention of the photo camera, around 2000 years ago, a forerunner called the camera obscura was used by ancient Greeks and the Chinese. The camera obscura consisted of a dark room with a hole in one of its walls. Through this hole, images of the outside world were projected onto the opposite wall. When in 1727, German anatomy professor Johann Heinrich Schulze confirmed that the darkening of silver salts was caused by light, he further contributed to the invention of the first camera. The first-ever camera was made in 1826, after this many camera techniques emerged. Read on to learn more about nineteenth-century photography techniques.

1. Best-Known 19th-Century Photography Technique: Daguerreotype 

daguerre portrait daguerreotype
A daguerreotype photograph of Louis-Jaqcues-Mandé Daguerre, 1844, via Wikipedia

In 1826, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765 – 1833), managed to take the first developed photograph using a technique called the heliography. The heliograph method involved holding a portable camera obscura next to a window, as to expose a pewter plate coated with bitumen or asphalt, to sunlight. After this successful experiment, Niépce began collaborating with French artist and chemist Louis-Jaqcues-Mandé Daguerre (1787 – 1851). Daguerre worked as a professional stage painter for the theatre, using the camera obscura technique for drawing. The fact that he was interested in capturing reflections, brought him and Niépce together.

After Niepcé’s death in 1833, Daguerre continued their work, using Niépce’s early experiments as a foundation. In 1839, Daguerre experienced a breakthrough and developed a pioneering technique. The Daguerreotype was born and so was the first commercially successful photographic process. Daguerre went on to introduce the technique to the French Academy and the Académie des Beaux-Arts. This event was later referred to as the birth of photography.

19th century photography daguerreotype photography process
A visual explanation of the Daguerreotype photographic technique, invented by Louis-Jaqcues-Mandé Daguerre in 1839. via My Modern Met

The Daguerreotype technique consisted of a silver-plated copper sheet that would first be polished until its surface was mirrorlike. After the polishing was done, the copper plate was kept in a dark room, where it was exposed to iodine, bromine, and chlorine vapor to form a light-sensitive layer of silver iodine. The plate would then be placed in the camera, after which it would be exposed to light for a short or long period, depending on how light the photograph was supposed to be. The longer it was exposed, the lighter the result.

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Following the exposure, the plate was removed from the camera to let the image develop by exposing it to mercury vapor. After development, the plate would be bathed in a salt solution, which removed the developing compound. To protect the image, the plate was then coated with gold chlorine, before it was covered by a glass sheet and placed into a frame.

albert southworth daguerreotype the letter
The Letter by Albert Southworth, daguerreotype photograph, circa 1850, via National Gallery of Art, Washington

There was a downside to the Daguerreotype technique. It could only produce a single copy of an image. Making additional copies wasn’t possible. In addition, the single copy that was made represented a mirrored image of the person portrayed. A daguerreotypist could attach a mirror or reflective prism in front of the lens to obtain the right reading result. Yet, in practice, this was not often done.

Moreover, to ensure that the result of a Daguerreotype photograph was sharp at the end of a long exposure time, it was important for the posing individual to sit very still. Because of this, some Daguerreotypists made use of a head support tool, which ensured that the person’s head was kept in the same position. However, seeing that the Daguerreotype was the first commercially successful photographic technique, these aspects of its process were only minor disadvantages.

samuel bemis view in new hampshire daggeureotype
View in New Hampshire by Samuel Bemis, Daguerreotype photograph, 1840-41, via Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Apart from Daguerre himself, a good number of Daguerreotypists arose during the 1840s and 1950s. Among these were the French André-Adolphe-Eugène Disderí and Jules Itier, the Swiss Johann Baptist Isenring, the British Richard Beard, Antoine Claudet (a Frenchman active in London), and Thomas Richard Williams. There were also a good number of Daguerreotypists in the United States. Among these were James Presley Ball, Samuel Bemis, Abraham Bogardus, Mathew Brady, Jeremiah Gurney, Albert Southworth, Augustus Washington, and John Adams Whipple.

In most cases, these Daguerreotypists worked as portraitists, although some also took photographs of landscapes and cities. Wipple even practiced astrophotography. Seeing that the Daguerreotype cameras were large, and their process lengthy and expensive, taking them outside wasn’t very practical. However, some did it anyway and it resulted in beautiful images.

john adams whipple moon daguerreotype
The Moon by John Adams Whipple, February 1852, via Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Finally, the Daguerreotype was succeeded by the wet collodion plate technique. Despite the fact that many photographers turned to newer techniques, some kept working with the Daguerreotype. Even today, there are artists who still experiment with this technique. These include Jerry Spagnoli, Adam Fuss, Patrick Bailly-Maître-Grand, and Chuck Close.

2. Calotype 

portrait william henry fox talbot calotype
Portrait of William Henry Fox Talbot by Jones Calvert Richard, circa 1845, calotype, via Victoria and Albert Museum, London

William Henry Fox Talbot (1800 – 1877) was educated at Harrow and Trinity College in Cambridge. He published many articles in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and physics. He also worked as a chemist, linguist, and archaeologist. He even briefly served in Parliament from 1833 to 1834, before becoming well-known for his photographic technique. In 1835, Talbot made his first photographic negative and wrote an article that documented this discovery. However, he largely abandoned his experiments and left his photographic work untouched for a while.

A few years later, Talbot received news about the French Daguerreotype, which inspired him to continue his own research. Fortunately so, during his new experiments, Talbot found out that the chemical gallic acid, from tree galls and barks, increased the sensitivity of prepared paper and created a latent image. In other words, a latent image is an image made on photographic film or paper that remains invisible until it’s chemically treated.

It was the first process that allowed photographers to create a negative—an image in which the shades of light and dark were reversed from which multiple positive prints could be made. In addition, the gallic acid speeded up the development process from one hour to one minute. Talbot named this new invention the Calotype, referring to the Greek word for beautiful picture. In 1841, Talbot went on to patent the Calotype—sometimes also called the Talbotype—and subsequently received a medal from the British Royal Society in 1842 for it.

hill and adamson portrait webster marrable
Miss Jane Webster and Miss Marrable by Robert Adamson and David Octavius Hill, circa 1843-48, calotype, via National Portrait Gallery, London

When it comes to the technical process, the calotype process involves five steps. The first one of these was to iodize a high-quality sheet of paper by applying solutions of light-sensitive silver nitrate and potassium iodide to the paper under candlelight. Simply said, the paper would be treated with solutions of certain salts and metals. After the first step, the paper would also be washed and dried, before its surface was sensitized by the use of another chemical solution. The third step included putting the sheet of paper in the camera and exposing it to light.

Once the desired image was captured, the paper could be removed. It was important to then brush it with the same sensitizing chemical solution to bring out the invisible image to the desired density. Subsequently, the developed negative would be rinsed with water and then washed with a solution of potassium bromide again, before laying it out to dry. The washing was important as it removed any remaining silver, and fixed the image.

Now that the negative was done, positive prints of the image could be made with the use of the so-called salted paper print process. During this process, the translucent negative would cover a new, prepared sheet of paper, that would react to light. This sheet of paper would then be put in a printing frame, which was then taken outside in order to be exposed to light. Subsequently, the light passes through the lighter parts of the negative, making these go dark in the positive image. The result was a nice, warm sepia-colored image.

19th century photography adamson hill group portrait
Miss Ellen Milne, Miss Mary Watson, Miss Watson, Miss Agnes Milne and Sarah Wilson by Robert Adamson and David Octavius Hill, circa 1843-47, calotype, via National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

Regardless of the flexibility and ease with which the Calotype photographs could be made, this technique did not replace the Daguerreotype. The quality of the Calotype image was not as fine and sharp as that of the Daguerreotype. The main difference in quality between these types of photographic techniques was caused by the difference in the material of the negative. In a Calotype, the texture and fibers of the paper were visible, which made the image slightly grainy or fuzzy. In Daguerreotype photographs, this was less of an issue thanks to the use of polished copper sheets. Regardless of this, the Calotype remained popular in England and mainland Europe. The Calotype wasn’t as popular in France, the native country of Daguerre, as well as in the United States.

hill adamson free church calotype
The General Assembly Hall of the Free Church of Scotland during building with the castle and the church of Tolbooth St John in the background by Robert Adamson and David Octavius Hill, circa 1843-47, calotype, via National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

Some of the best-known Calotypists were the Scottish photographer Robert Adamson and landscape painter David Octavius Hill. As Scotland was exempt from Talbot’s patent, people could freely use the Calotype here. The partnership between Hill and Adamson was formed in 1843. During this year, Hill received a commission for a group portrait of over four hundred ministers of the Free Church of Scotland. Because there were so many people to paint, Sir David Brewster, a physician who had learned about the Calotype process from Talbot himself, suggested photography to Hill. Hill then reached out to Adamson, and their partnership began. Moreover, they photographed ministers and many other individuals as well as a number of cityscapes.

3. The Wet Plate Collodion 

julia margaret cameron parting
The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere by Julia Margaret Cameron, 1874, Albumen Silver Print from a collodion negative, via Getty, Los Angeles

The Wet Plate Collodion process of photography is often mentioned as the technique that revolutionized photography. It was the English Frederick Scott Archer (1813-1857) who developed the process in 1851. Archer was a butcher’s son and he began his own career as an apprentice silversmith in London. However, he ended up working as a portrait sculptor. While making sculptures, Archer began using the Calotype technique. However, Archer was not content with the result of the Calotype photos, so he started experimenting with a variety of solutions and surfaces until he discovered the Wet Plate Collodion process.

19th century photography roger fenton war photograph
Major Edmund Gilling Hallewell by Roger Fenton, 1855, Albumen print from a collodion negative, via The New York Times

The wet-collodion process involved adding a soluble iodide (a salt) to a solution of collodion, which existed out of cellulose nitrate, a highly flammable compound. This mixture would subsequently be coated on a glass plate before it was dipped in silver nitrate to form silver iodide. Because of the fact that the silver nitrate created a light-sensitive layer, this dipping happened in a dark room. Only this way would the plate remain undeveloped. In addition, it was also important that the plate was still wet when placed in the camera and exposed to light.

Once the exposure was complete, the glass plate was dipped in pyrogallic acid, a substance derived from the gallic acid that Talbot used for his Calotype. Finally, the image was fixed by a solution of sodium thiosulfate. It was important to immediately develop and fix the treated glass plate since after the collodion film dried, it became waterproof and impenetrable by reagent solutions.

19th century photography carleton watkins yosemite_
Tasayac, the Half Dome, 5,000 ft, Yosemite by Carleton Watkins, 1861, Albumen Print from a collodion negative, via Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

What came out of the described process was a negative which could subsequently be used to print paper positives. The latter would mostly be done with Albumen paper, which was invented by the French Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Evrard in 1850. Albumen (egg white) was mixed with ammonium chloride and spread on a sheet of paper. Photographers could buy this pre-made paper for little money and easily store it away until they were ready to use it. When using the paper, they only had to sensitize it with silver nitrate before placing it over a negative and exposing it. Wet Collodian photographs that were printed on this paper were also called Albumen Silver Prints.

Archer later came up with a modification that made the Collodion process cheaper and even more simple. Instead of printing positives, the underexposed negative was backed with black paper or velvet to make it appear positive. This modification became known as the Ambrotype and was a very popular style of photography during the mid to late nineteenth century. The same applied to a version of the Wet Plate Collodion called the Tintype or Ferrotype, of which the base was black lacquered metal instead of glass.

nadar portrait sarah bernhardt
Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt by Félix Nadar, 1864, Albumen print from a collodion negative, via Vogue magazine

In general, Wet Plate Collodion photographs were valued because of their clarity and richness in detail. This way, this new technique combined the best features of the Daguerreotype and Calotype: clarity and replicability. A downside to the technique was that a darkroom tent and portable laboratory were needed for outdoor photography. Otherwise, the print wouldn’t be kept dark and wet. However, regardless of this, the Wet Plate Collodion dominated the world of photography for about two decades. It was used for tintype portraits and in the printing industry well into the 1900s.

The Wet Plate Collodion process resulted in beautifully clear images, which were either black and white, or otherwise a soft beige or taupe color. Some examples of well-known nineteenth-century photographers of the Wet Plate Collodion technique were the English portraitist Julia Margaret Cameron, the French photographer Gustave le Gray, the French photographer Félix Nadar, the Civil War and landscape photographer Timothy O’Sullivan, photographer of Western American landscapes Carleton Watkins, the British war photographer Roger Fenton, and the French portrait photographer Charles Nègre. The Wet Plate Collodion technique was used for more genres than the Daguerreotype and Calotype. During the 1860s, photography gained a documentary and journalistic function for the first time.

4. 19th-Century Photography Technique Called Gelatine Dry-Plate Glass Negative

getrude kasebier art thou 19th century photography
Blessed Art Thou Among Women by Gertrude Käsebier, 1899, Gelatine silver print, via Museum of Modern Art, New York City

The Wet Plate Collodion process involved the use of many chemicals and needed specific conditions to succeed. For example, the glass plate needed to be kept in the dark before use. It also needed to be wet upon exposure to light. This forced photographers to work very quickly. In response to what could be called the downsides of the Collodion process, the 1860s and 1870s saw the rise of individual experiments with other possible photographic techniques.

The main goal of these experiments was to find a dry substitute for wet collodion, which would allow plates to be prepared far in advance and developed long after exposure. In turn, this would free photographers from the task of preparing their own plates, and eliminate the need for a portable darkroom. In 1871, the English physician Richard Leach Maddox (1816-1902) came up with the idea of suspending silver bromide in a gelatine emulsion. A suggestion that formed the key to the development of the Gelatine Dry-Plate method.

alfred stieglitz equivalent
Equivalent by Alfred Stieglitz, 1926, gelatine silver print, via Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Different from the Collodion wet plates, the gelatine bromide coating would dry on the glass plate, after which it could remain dry during and after exposure. For photographers, this meant that they could simply insert the plate into the camera to take a photo, and that afterward, they did not need to treat the plate with any chemicals. The fact that dry plates could be prepared in advance, led to the introduction of factory-produced dry plates in 1878. These dry glass plates were coated with gelatine containing silver salts. Subsequently, photographers could buy these commercially prepared plates in bulk. Mass production generally became possible from the 1850s onwards, thanks to industrialization. Mass production made photography cheaper and therefore accessible to more people.

Moreover, gelatine plates were sixty times more sensitive than collodion plates. The latter speeded up the process of taking a photo, which in turn freed the camera from the tripod and allowed the production of smaller hand-held ones. The Kodak Camera is a good example of this. It was introduced by George Eastman in 1888. Thanks to hand-held cameras, photographers could now move around more freely, which made it easier to photograph certain subjects and places. People also didn’t necessarily have to develop their own negatives anymore. Kodak, for example, offered a development service. They marketed their service using the tagline: You press the button, we do the rest. This led to the rise of amateur photography. The dry-plate technique remained popular until the early 1900s.

edward steichen little sister
My Little Sister by Edward Steichen, 1895, gelatine silver print, via Museum of Modern Art, New York City

The result of the Gelatine Dry-Plate technique included images with a wider tonal range and improved image quality. Generally, the photos had beautiful, soft black-and-white or sepia shades. Some of the well-known photographers who worked with the Gelatine Dry-Plate technique were Edward Steichen, Alfred Stieglitz, Gertrude Käsebier, Sarah Angelina Acland, and the founding member of the Photo-Secession Movement Clarence Hudson White.

alfred stieglitz rebecca salsbury strand
Rebecca Salsbury Strand by Alfred Stieglitz, 1922, gelatine silver print, via Art Institute of Chicago

While the 1860s saw the rise of the first documentary and journalistic photographs, photography became increasingly used for commercial purposes after the invention of the Gelatine Dry-Plate technique. At the same time, the question of whether photography was a form of art or not was also intensely debated. As a result, the international Movement called Pictorialism emerged towards the end of the nineteenth century. Pictorialism not only represented a certain aesthetic but also formulated a few principles about photography’s role as art. Pictorialists like Alfred Stieglitz believed that photography should be understood as a vehicle of personal expression that was as important as other fine arts.

The Art of Pet Photography with Vanelli and Kaylee Greer

The Art of Pet Photography with Vanelli and Kaylee Greer

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He Won’t Stop Taking Pictures Until He’s Partying on the Other Side

He Won’t Stop Taking Pictures Until He’s Partying on the Other Side

Henry Diltz may not be the only person who can say he was at both West Point and Woodstock, but he’s the only one who has also taken pictures of Neil Young playing with nocturnal primates.

One Friday afternoon in August, after more than eight decades of wild and improbable life, Diltz was on the phone in his kitchen in North Hollywood, Calif., making arrangements to shoot some musician friends: the ’70s soft-rockers America, who were playing the following night.

Diltz was not the first of the great rock ’n’ roll photographers. Ask him and he’ll name professional forebears like Jim Marshall, who also made defining images of the rock era — Hendrix letting a chord ring, Dylan kicking a tire, Johnny Cash flipping the bird.

But since Marshall died in 2010, the 85-year-old Diltz — who first picked up a camera 57 years ago — may be the earliest of the great rock photographers still living. He is certainly the oldest one still working.

A room filled with albums, artwork and books spilling from every surface, and a gray-haired man with a beard sitting in the back right corner of it all.
Diltz at home in California. Before he switched to a digital camera in 2005, he only shot slides.Sinna Nasseri for The New York Times

Diltz is compactly built, with a gray ponytail, a ringer in old age for the actor Seymour Cassel, a John Cassavetes mainstay. He falls asleep at night listening to George Noory on “Coast to Coast AM” rapping with the paranoid faithful about lucid dreams, conspiracies, immortality. In the morning he does a series of chakra-awakening exercises and takes a few moments to say hello, in his head, to some of the people he’s known who’ve gone to the other side.

He’s survived many of his most famous subjects, some of whom he considered his best friends, like Dan Fogelberg, and David Cassidy, whom he met on the set of “The Partridge Family” and toured with for years. Diltz has survived Cass Elliot, a couple of Eagles, all but one of the Monkees. His wife, Elizabeth Joy Grand, died in 2001. A girlfriend of nearly 20 years passed away not long ago.

They’re the lucky ones, in Diltz’s view. The other day someone called and told him the news about Robbie Robertson. Good, Diltz said — he made it out. “The party’s on the other side,” he likes to say. It’s the rest of us, stuck over here, who have it rough.

Another old friend, David Crosby, died in January. He can be seen — alive and singing and goofing around, sometimes while dressed like a cowboy or Horatio Hornblower — on page after page of Diltz’s new book “CSN&Y: Love the One You’re With,” which collects the best of the countless pictures Diltz took of Crosby and his bandmates between the late ’60s and the present day.

Diltz holding a slide he shot years ago of the band Eagles.Sinna Nasseri for The New York Times

The book is a visual history of one band, a document of the ’60s and their long aftermath, and a record of Diltz’s own years of service at the front lines of the counterculture, which began in the early ’60s, at the military academy.

He’d never planned on West Point, but as the son of a deceased veteran, he could attend without a congressional nomination. He didn’t hate it there; he liked the pomp, the ritual. “But I belonged to the Columbia Record Club,” he said, “and I was listening to Pete Seeger.”

After a year he got out and bought a banjo. By 1966 he was a touring folkie. One morning after a college gig in Lansing, Mich., he and his band, the Modern Folk Quartet, tumbled out of their motor home and into a secondhand store.

Diltz’s bandmate Cyrus Faryar bought a cheap Japanese camera. To this day Diltz is not quite sure why he did the same. Sometimes he wonders how his life would have turned out if he’d gone to the kitchen department for a coffee mug instead.

At the next drugstore, Faryar came out with Kodak film in yellow boxes, showed Diltz the instructions on the back, how to set the shutter speed.

“It said ‘Sunlight: 250 at 8,’” Diltz said. “And that was my photo school, that Kodak box.”

Back home in Los Angeles, Diltz got his first rolls of film developed, and realized he’d been shooting slides. He and the band invited all their L.A. friends over and loaded a carousel.

“That first slide hit the wall — it was our bass player, blowing up his cardboard bass case, in the desert, with M-80s,” Diltz said.

“That’s what hooked me,” he continued. “That’s when I became a photographer. That first slide hitting the wall, eight feet wide, glowing in the dark — and my stoned hippie friends going, ‘Whoa.’”

  1. Crosby, Stills & Nash (from left, though: Nash, Stills and Crosby)1969

    Henry Diltz

  2. Stephen Stills and Mick Jagger1970

    Henry Diltz

  3. Jimi Hendrix1969

    Henry Diltz

  4. Joni Mitchell and Graham Nash1969

    Henry Diltz

  5. Joe CockerWoodstock, 1969

    Henry Diltz

  6. Tina Turner1985

    Henry Diltz

  7. Neil Young1975

    Henry Diltz

  8. America1973

    Henry Diltz

  9. Jerry Garcia1971

    Henry Diltz

  10. Cass Elliot1968

    Henry Diltz

Diltz would finally switch to digital cameras around 2005; before that, unless some band or label wanted a black-and-white photo for an 8-by-10, slides were all he shot. At his house the archive — about half of Diltz’s nondigital output — takes up one whole wall of the living room, latched plastic slide boxes stacked on wooden shelves, marked with printed labels or hand-lettered masking tape, and roughly alphabetized: “ELVIS COSTELLO” and “PHIL COLLINS” are neighbors; “ELO,” “ELP” and “EWF” share the same box.

He never imagined making a career of it. The ’60s bloomed around him and he brought his camera. People looked at him and saw a fellow musician taking pictures. Drugs helped — they were a secret handshake, a shortcut to trust. (Years later, Diltz looked at a wall of his photos, asked himself which of the subjects he’d smoked grass with, and realized it was “every single one, except Donny Osmond and Michael Jackson.”)

The archive is the product of nearly six decades of hanging out: at concerts in the wings or the pit, at Laurel Canyon hippie-pad parties, in backstage green rooms, in recording studios, where he’d time the click of his shutter to the kick drum, so the band wouldn’t notice it and throw him out for blowing the vibe.

He was a psychology major. “I was curious about people,” Diltz said. “When I picked up a camera it was like, ‘Oh, OK — now I can watch people.’”

The stealth his approach required came naturally to him. He thinks maybe it’s because his Chinese zodiac sign is the tiger. Someone once told him people born in the year of the tiger are sociable, but also loners. That they like to sit on a cliff and watch the other animals.

“So now, I say I’m a tiger,” Diltz says. “I hide in the bushes and watch the other animals.”

He’d met Stephen Stills — Year of the Rooster, Capricorn, tenacious, single-minded — in 1963, when the Modern Folk Quartet played the Village Gate in New York. He met Crosby a year later and Nash a few years after that, when Cass Elliot of the Mamas and the Papas brought Nash’s band the Hollies to the Lovin’ Spoonful guitarist Zal Yanovsky’s apartment for blender margaritas.

“I was curious about people,” Diltz said. “When I picked up a camera it was like, ‘Oh, OK — now I can watch people.’”Sinna Nasseri for The New York Times

They hit it off. The next day, at Nash’s request, Diltz shot a portrait of the Hollies. Five blokes in mod coats, only Nash destined for the pantheon. To Diltz’s surprise, the image became the cover of “For Certain Because,” the fifth Hollies album. It was his first real album cover, not counting “Hums of the Lovin’ Spoonful,” a record-company paste-up job incorporating some of his concert photos.

Eventually he met Gary Burden, who had been a Marine and became an architect but had never considered art direction as a career until Elliot, one of his home-renovation clients, asked him to design a cover for her solo album. Burden needed a photographer; he saw Diltz in the park at a love-in, taking pictures of hippies.

Over the next six years, golden ones for Boomer rock, they did dozens more together. Every used-record bin in America is a little Henry Diltz exhibit. The Doors loitering pretentiously at the Morrison Hotel. A sweet-baby-faced James Taylor. Jackson Browne’s face on burlap. Richard Pryor in a loincloth. A pensive Richard Harris, for “The Yard Went on Forever,” which credits Diltz with “Photography and Good Karma.”

Diltz’s most aesthetic-defining cover might be Crosby, Stills & Nash’s self-titled debut. It’s the antithesis of Marshall’s defiant Cash, or Hendrix with his flaming guitar: some guys in boots and jeans, sitting on an old couch on the porch of an abandoned house on Palm Avenue, just off Santa Monica Boulevard.

Three elite singer-songwriter-players, impersonating bumps on a log. And yet, in a phone interview, Graham Nash confirmed they’d chosen the image as a statement, about who they were and weren’t. “We wanted to be human beings,” he said.

Diltz wasn’t sure he had the shot — that same day, he took the band around the corner, spent an hour with them at a used-clothing store, shooting them with the mannequins. Those shots are in the book, too. They’re fine rock ’n’ roll photos. But they don’t have what the couch photo has. A radiance. Something unrepeatable.

When they got the pictures back, Nash said, they realized they were sitting in the wrong order — Nash, Stills, Crosby, left to right — and decided to go back for another shoot.

“We got to the place where the house was,” Nash said, “and it wasn’t there. It had been bulldozed.” (Today, the site is a parking lot.)

Many of the images in the book have a proto-Instagram intimacy. One series: Nash and Crosby in the back of a limo on the way to Big Bear, bookending Joni Mitchell, Nash’s girlfriend at the time. The book reproduces the whole roll: Crosby fooling around with a little American flag. Click. Nash kissing Mitchell’s hand. Click. A split second of doubt, him looking for her reaction. Click. Mitchell smiles.

On the next page she’s writing on loose-leaf paper: “Willy is my child/He is my father/I’d be his lady all my life/He says he’d love to live with me/But for an ancient injury.” “Willy” was Nash’s nickname. It was February 1969; Diltz had taken a picture of Mitchell, then 26, in the act of writing “Willy,” the fifth song on “Ladies of the Canyon.”

“I didn’t even look for a few years,” Diltz said, “and then I blew it up and turned it over. There it is.”

Diltz has survived many of his most famous subjects, some of whom he considered his best friends.Sinna Nasseri for The New York Times

In 1969 Stills’s former Buffalo Springfield bandmate Neil Young joined the band, and got his name on the door. Recruited to give Stills’s guitar a dueling partner in the mix, Young shifted the group’s dynamic with his arrival. Diltz captures the mischief in Young, immortalizes him as an agent of chaos, the kind of guy who might show up one day with a bush baby on his shoulder.

He had two, Nash remembers: Harriett and Speedy. “We were staying at the Caravan Lodge Motel,” in San Francisco, he said. “Neil would be in his room. You’d knock and he would answer the door and these things would go — zoom!— and be jumping all over the place.”

Young was there, then he wasn’t. Forever after, Crosby, Stills & Nash’s history would be intertwined with Young’s presence and absence.

“Neil, he’s a Scorpio,” Diltz said. “They don’t see things in shades of gray. It’s black or white. I love it, I hate it. They don’t brook fools lightly. So he would play and then he would decide he didn’t want to do it anymore, and he’d leave in the middle of the tour.”

But Diltz also caught Young’s sillier side — putting sunglasses on his dog, offering a sip of beer to a stuffed moose head.

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young would dissolve in drugs and enmity by 1970. By then the neighborly Laurel Canyon scene had faded, too. “Manson was the turd in the punch bowl,” Diltz said cheerily. After the murders, Diltz said, he stopped picking up hitchhikers at the bottom of the canyon, like he always had before.

Rock’s narrative began to play out on bigger and bigger stages. Diltz never stopped photographing bands, but by the ’80s he was spending a lot of time on music-video sets, two or three videos a week sometimes, trying to get a good shot of Heart or Poison.

Everything grew more professional, the age of access slipping away. When Diltz shot the Doors at the Hollywood Bowl in 1968, he was the only professional photographer there who didn’t work for a newspaper. Nowadays, the photo pit is crowded. But at the America show the next night, Diltz would be there anyway, waiting for something to happen — even though, these days, most places only let you shoot during the first three songs.

“I hate that,” Diltz said. “You have to walk away, and you miss all the great stuff that comes.”

Sinna Nasseri for The New York Times

Longtime KFYR-TV photographer Donna Hardt passes away

Longtime KFYR-TV photographer Donna Hardt passes away

BISMARCK, N.D. (KFYR) – A cherished member of our KFYR-TV news family has passed away.

Longtime photographer Donna Hardt passed away over the weekend.

Donna’s accomplishments and passion for photojournalism will never be forgotten. Neither will her kindness. She made a lasting impression on everyone she met.

Through the lens of this camera, we’ve brought you countless stories that have informed, entertained, and astonished our viewers. It’s even made reporters like me, Jody Kerzman, a familiar face. But we want to focus on the woman who shot many of those reports; on the woman who stood behind the camera, looked through the viewfinder and brought you the stories that mattered.

To Donna Hardt, there were stories everywhere. She often said, “We should do a story on that,” and often, we did. She was curious, kind and was a pioneer in the world of television news, paving the way for so many other women. She picked up her first news camera in the 1970s. That camera was nearly twice her size.

She had a way of making reporters and the people they interviewed comfortable — always making sure their hair looked good and their ties were straight. Donna never tired of meeting new people.

“If you were a reporter on staff and you wanted to get an interview done, Donna set that feeling for you when you walked into an interview. Because all the people in the community know Donna from years of experience as a photographer and the many close friends she has,” said former KFYR-TV chief photographer Dwayne Walker in a 2019 interview.

Donna was behind the camera for some of the biggest stories in the region, including a massive pot bust in South Dakota in 1980, the infamous Gordon Kahl shootout in Medina, the 2011 floods and the Dakota Access Pipeline protests. She reminisced about her career in a 2019 interview.

“Literally, I could probably say, not exaggerating, probably thousands of stories. It’s an honor to come into your home or your business,” she said.

Starting out as a single mom of two, she covered it all without losing sight of what’s important.

“You see, some faces come and go, but Donna’s was one that was always a constant,” said Lee Ellison.

“She was like a bulldog,” added former KFYR-TV news director Dick Heidt. “She finds a way to get everything done.”

“Donna will do anything for a story,” said KFYR-TV anchor Monica Hannan. “So, she’s out doing a story on a tattoo shop. No customers. So, we wait, and wait, and wait, and finally she decides, I’m not waiting any more. So, she points the camera at her ankle and films her own tattooing.”

Her life may have never led any newscast, but Donna Hardt’s presence will always be felt.

Donna was 76.

She retired from KFYR-TV at the end of 2019.

She is survived by her loving husband, Sid Hardt, her daughters, stepchildren, grandchildren and many, many of her KFYR “kids.”

You can find funeral information here.

OPPO and Hasselblad: a new era in computational photography by Jose Antunes

OPPO and Hasselblad: a new era in computational photography by Jose Antunes
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“Quiet legends”: Fergus Coyle gives us an insight into the long-distance cycling subculture, Audax

“Quiet legends”: Fergus Coyle gives us an insight into the long-distance cycling subculture, Audax

One recent subsection of Fergus’ ongoing project is Moonrakers and Sunseekers, named after an overnight 300 km Audax that takes place each year. Riders leave Bristol at 10pm, make their way south to Bournemouth, then Poole Harbour where they stop off at Lilliput Sea Scouts control for basic food, rest and to have their brevet card stamped.

It was at this rest point that Fergus stationed himself between the hours of 2-7am, photographing riders who came through. “It’s a strange time to be awake and I was interested to see how that might affect the interaction between photographer and sitter,” Fergus says. “When riding at night, you’re acutely focussed on a small pool of light emitted in front of the bike, reading the road and watching out for dangers such as potholes.” It’s this intensity that Fergus sees translating into the images – palpable in the riders’ eyes as their portraits are taken, staring into the camera, or in some cases beyond, and the atmosphere of the sparse blue-and-white harbour setting. “There’s a monastic silence, broken only by the sound of cutlery against plates and cycling shoes tapping in and out of the door.”

During the shoot Fergus encountered a few “celebrities” within the Audax community who were “hailed for quietly and consistently putting in the miles”. Like Dai – one of the few cyclists with a large smile on his face in his portrait. Known for his heavily laden fixed gear and broad Welsh accent, one significant detail of his portrait (and something Fergus sees as setting him apart from road cyclists) is the fact he’s wearing two Paris Brest jerseys from separate years on top of each other. Fergus also has a soft spot for Zlatamira’s portrait. It was the last photo in a roll of film and she blinked, but the resulting image is one that resonates, as “a serene, meditative moment before she continued on into the early hours”.

On tour with Burna Boy to Wizkid: How Afrobeats conquered the world

On tour with Burna Boy to Wizkid: How Afrobeats conquered the world


CNN
 — 

Oliver Akinfeleye remembers Burna Boy’s first show in New York. The location was Palladium Times Square, the year was 2017.

Akinfeleye, an American Nigerian photographer known professionally as DrDrummerD, or Drummer, was close to the stage, ready to capture every moment of the Afrobeats star’s intimate show in front of around 2,000 fans. He had been booked by a local promoter and left with a clutch of images of one of Nigeria’s biggest recording artists. The next day he posted some on social media, which reappeared on Burna Boy’s accounts. The musician, or likely someone from his team, had screengrabbed Drummer’s work – not that he cared­. The following week the two crossed paths again and the photographer let Burna Boy know the photos were his. “Oh, you’re bad,” the musician shot back, Akinfeleye remembers (“In Nigerian it means you’re super-dope,” he explained). “We laughed it off, shook hands, and from that point he trusted my vision,” he added. The two have been sharing stages ever since.

Born in Queens, New York, to Nigerian parents, Akinfeleye has had a closer than front row seat to Afrobeats’ ascendance in the US and other parts of the world, documenting gigs and behind-the-scenes moments as the genre has come to the fore internationally.

By 2022, Burna Boy was headlining Madison Square Garden (capacity: 20,000) and last July he became the first Nigerian to sell out a stadium show in the US when he performed at Citi Field, New York (capacity: 41,000). He went one step further on the other side of the Atlantic, selling out the 60,0000-capacity London Stadium this summer. He’s far from alone. This year his countryman Wizkid was a headliner at the UK’s biggest musical festival, Glastonbury, and sold out London’s Tottenham Hotspur Stadium (capacity 45,000), following three sold-out shows at the O2 Arena in London in 2021.

If further evidence was needed that the genre has a seat at the table of popular music, the MTV Video Music Awards now has an Afrobeats category, and in 2024 the Grammy Awards will introduce a new category, Best African Music Performance, which is expected to feature Afrobeats artists. Burna Boy is already a Grammy winner, while in September, “Calm Down” by Nigerian rising star Rema and Selena Gomez became the first song led by an African artist to hit one billion streams on Spotify.  

Yet a few years ago, not many US photographers were dedicating their time to documenting Afrobeats musicians, said Akinfeleye, and even fewer wanting to take an intimate view of their lives. “I think that’s what a lot of the artists found most interesting about my work and what I do,” he added. “It was something different. There was something fresh; it was something that they hadn’t seen before.”

Photographer Oliver D. Akinfeleye, aka DrDrummerD, has documented Afrobeats artists in the US and Europe since 2017.

The photographer said his parents instilled in him “a focus to really highlight our own.” Whether fashion editorials, album covers or concerts, Akinfeleye’s lens has put Black – and particularly African – faces front and center in his portfolio.

Starting with some early gigs with Mr Eazi, Runtown and Brandon Boyd, his first big Afrobeats concert was an evening with Wizkid in Washington DC on July 4th weekend, 2017. The two had been introduced by Wiz’s DJ, DJ Tunez, and after that first show he went backstage to show Wizkid his work. “From there it’s just been history,” Akinfeleye said.

Of all the artists Akinfeleye has worked with, he says his bond with Wizkid is the tightest. He has documented the Nigerian musician at festivals and arena tours, traveling throughout the US and Europe.

Wizkid brought Akinfeleye to London to shoot his breakout series at the O2 Arena in 2021, when an all-star line-up took to the stage in support of the headliner. “I will never forget it,” Akinfeleye said, “I remember each moment like it was yesterday.”

The body of work from those nights is one with great contrast. The sea of mobile phone spotlights that greet Wizkid like bioluminescent creatures is a world away from the intimate shots off-stage of Wiz and his tight inner circle. The photographer has the rapport and the eye to capture both sides of the man, who will largely be the focus of Akinfeleye’s upcoming photobook “Eagle Eye” (release date to be announced).

Wizkid on tour in Puerto Rico, March 2022.

“Wiz is a very private person, you know,” he said, “(there’s) not a lot of people around him.” What they have goes beyond photographer and subject, he added. “It is definitely a relationship in itself. And that bond translates into my work because it makes it easier. He’ll feel comfortable when I bring out a camera. He won’t feel under pressure, he’ll feel like it’s a regular thing.”

Getting to that point takes time, Akinfeleye said. One thing he’s had in his favor is his shared heritage with many of the artists he’s documented. “It has been amazing just sharing personal spaces with these artists, getting to know them, sharing laughs, just talking more about the culture, talking more about our visions, our country,” he said.

“Nigerian music – African music – is there to make people feel good no matter what,” he added. “That energy is so normal to us: having joy from nothing. That’s a joy I want the world to see … I want my imagery to convey that feeling.”

That same infectious good time is why he believes the genre is music for our times. “The world needs love. The world needs to feel good,” Akinfeleye argues, and that need isn’t disappearing any time soon.

“Seeing where Afrobeats has come to now, it’s been an amazing journey,” he reflected, and “it’s only going to get bigger.”

“Afrobeats to the world is all I can say.”

Captured Moments closing studio, turning focus to on-location photography

Captured Moments closing studio, turning focus to on-location photography

Captured Moments Photography has played an immeasurable role in many families’s lives in the Owensboro community for nearly 2 decades. Owners Jason and Kate Higdon said their business model is now evolving, as they have decided to close their studio at 801 Old Hartford Road and instead conduct sessions on location. 

The last studio session will be on December 20, and it will close completely on December 31. Kate Higdon encouraged clients to call 270-685-5164 or email [email protected] to book a studio session as soon as possible. 

The company will continue photographing on location for sports, dance, and cheer teams as well as offering family, senior, professional, and branding sessions. 

“We are so excited for this new pivot in our business,” Higdon said. “We are making this move to allow more freedom to our life as new empty nesters ready to travel and explore other opportunities in addition to our photography business.”

The Higdons initially launched the studio as a way to enjoy more of the children’s lives, often bringing the youngsters to work with them. Higdon said closing the location is certainly bittersweet because it’s where their children grew up, and they’ve formed many memories there. 

With the closure, the Higdons are selling most of their studio contents — including furniture, frames, backgrounds, props, and more. They will keep their camera equipment, lighting, and some “signature” Captured Moments props and sets.

“We have a passion for photography that will never disappear, and we love our little Kentucky home,” Higdon said. “We’ve been so blessed and immensely grateful to a community who chose us to capture such special times in their lives.”

In 13 years at the location, Captured Moments has conducted more than 7,000 sessions in the studio. That doesn’t consider the several hundred more they’ve done on location at various businesses, balls, and nonprofits. 

Higdon said she and her husband are excited about the next chapter in their lives. She added they’re incredibly grateful to their many clients, which they hope to continue serving in the future. 

“We aren’t leaving – we are just cutting back to enjoy some life freedom and have the time to pursue our other passions,” she said. “Our clients have been the greatest gifts to us, and we have enjoyed every minute with you and look forward to more in the future.”

Visit their Facebook page here to stay updated on Captured Moments’ evolution. 

Professor of Photography & Imaging – e-flux Education

Professor of Photography & Imaging – e-flux Education

The Department of Photography & Imaging at New York University, Tisch School the Arts seeks a tenure track faculty (open rank). We are looking for candidates who are deeply involved with a creative practice in Photography, Imaging and related media. Applicants should have an understanding of and engagement with historical and contemporary issues and the liberal arts. We are interested in artists who can show evidence in their practice or teaching of a commitment to photo-based image making as a means to reflect and celebrate diversity and intersectionality in their practice. The successful candidate will have a vibrant studio practice, show innovation with regard to keeping up with a constantly changing field, the ability to teach a range of undergraduate studio classes and have an interest in curriculum development, creative research, and leadership. 

Qualifications: (1) MFA in Photography or equivalent related degree. (2) Solid understanding of a range of creative practice in photo-based processes. (3) 5+ years teaching experience. (4) Recognition in the field of photography and related media—exhibitions, publications, speaking engagements, etc.

The Department of Photography and Imaging (DPI) in Tisch School of the Arts at New York University is a four-year BFA program situated in New York City. Centered on the making and understanding of images, DPI offers students both the intensive focus of an arts curriculum while demanding a broad grounding in the liberal arts. Our department embraces multiple perspectives and approaches which encourages critical engagement both in and outside of the classroom. Our majors explore photo-based imagery as personal and cultural expression while working in virtually all modes of analog and digital photo-based image making, multimedia, new media, immersive, and post-photographic 3D simulation technologies. In addition to studio courses, our required critical studies courses include history, theory, critical studies across photography and digital media and other courses in museum studies and critical contemporary art practices.  As a Photography & Imaging faculty member you will work closely with students advising them in designing a rigorous program of study that challenges and expands the conceptual and technical boundaries of the medium. See tisch.nyu.edu/photo for more information.

Apply by November 15, 2023 via Interfolio with:
–A letter of application detailing qualifications
–An up-to-date CV
–A teaching philosophy
–Future of Photography Statement
–A diversity statement that addresses the candidate’s values regarding diversity, equity, inclusion,  and history working with or teaching diverse populations
–Sample syllabi that show your ability to teach both foundational classes and advanced topics
–PDF Portfolio of up to 20 professional works that represents your artist practice (links within the pdf can also be supplied for video and web-based work)
–PDF Portfolio of 20 examples of student work (links within the pdf can also be supplied for video and web-based work)
–The contact information for three professional references
–Publications

In compliance with NYC’s Pay Transparency Act, the annual base salary range for this position is 80,000–130,000 USD. This pay range represents base pay only (for 9 months) and excludes any additional items such as incentives, bonuses, clinical compensation, or other items. New York University considers factors such as (but not limited to) scope and responsibilities of the position, candidate’s work experience, education/training, key skills, internal peer equity, as well as market and organizational considerations when extending an offer.

NYU is an Equal Opportunity Employer and is committed to a policy of equal treatment and opportunity in every aspect of its recruitment and hiring process without regard to age, alienage, caregiver status, childbirth, citizenship status, color, creed, disability, domestic violence victim status, ethnicity, familial status, gender and/or gender identity or expression, marital status, military status, national origin, parental status, partnership status, predisposing genetic characteristics, pregnancy, race, religion, reproductive health decision making, sex, sexual orientation, unemployment status, veteran status, or any other legally protected basis. Women, racial and ethnic minorities, persons of minority sexual orientation or gender identity, individuals with disabilities, and veterans are encouraged to apply for vacant positions at all levels.

Well-known Moorhead photographer sent to prison on child sex charges

Well-known Moorhead photographer sent to prison on child sex charges

FARGO — The victim of a local photographer who plead guilty Monday, Nov. 13, to child sex charges says he was hospitalized for anxiety and tried to take his own life.

The teenager addressed the court as 52-year-old Robby Njos, the owner of Njos photography in Moorhead, was sentenced 28 months in prison on Monday for luring a minor.

He entered an Alford plea to luring a minor. That means he’s not admitting to the crime, but admits there is enough evidence to convict.

“He would then keep asking, and I kept putting it off which would lead to dread and anxiety as I felt I couldn’t say no,” the victim said in court.

WDAY does not identify the victim’s of sex crimes unless they request it.

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The victim was 15 years old at the time of the crime two years ago, and said he was vulnerable due to the stress of COVID-19.

He said Njos, a husband and father, preyed on that vulnerability to convince the victim to exchange sexual pictures and videos.

The victim said he was hospitalized for anxiety and attempted suicide.

“I didn’t feel control over my emotions and the abuse controlled my life,” the victim said. “I would do impulsive and self destructive behavior without thinking about it, I would go to the middle of nowhere in my car and floor it while thinking if I die it’s whatever.”

Hours after an arrest warrant was issued for Njos in connection to child sex charges,

he wrecked his car on Interstate 94 in Fargo

and spent two months in the hospital.

“The one and only time he was going to be held accountable for his behavior he chose to drive into a concrete pillar,” the victim’s mother told the court.

Njos’ lawyer said the crash is the reason for the Alford plea, that his client is not trying to avoid responsibility, rather he can’t remember the past due to his injuries from the crash.

The charge of luring a minors carries a maximum of five years in prison.

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Prosecutors asked for three years, while Njos asked for 60 days citing he has no criminal history and a defense-ordered evaluation.

Njos lawyer argued the evaluation suggested he’s a low risk to re-offend.

Prosecutors fired right back saying the defense left out an important detail from the evaluation.

“He scored highly problematic regarding social desirably meaning he may not have been fully honest when answering the questions,” said assistant Cass County State’s Attorney SheraLynn Ternes.

Njos declined to address the court.

Judge Reid Brady ordered Njos to spend 28 months in prison, and he will have to register as a sex offender when he’s released from prison.

Njos runs Njos Photography in Moorhead and is very active with schools in the area, known to take photos of band, theater, prom and sporting events.

He also took senior pictures and family photos.

Matt Henson is an Emmy award-winning reporter/photographer/editor for WDAY. Prior to joining WDAY in 2019, Matt was the main anchor at WDAZ in Grand Forks for four years.