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A Photographer in Search of Forgotten Burial Sites

A Photographer in Search of Forgotten Burial Sites
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An African American burial ground project in South Carolina is just one subject in Caroline Gutman’s search for a history hiding in plain sight.

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I first heard about the unmarked African American burial sites in Charleston, S.C., in November 2021, while visiting the city to research an entirely different topic: I was there to photograph the legacy of indigo in the United States and its role in slavery.

A historian there told me the location of a potter’s field in the middle of Charleston that held the remains of over 26,000 people, most of whom were Black. I was familiar with the site; seeking Wi-Fi during my research, I had visited a community center that now sits on the land. There were also two baseball diamonds, two parking lots, a playground and a college football stadium named after a Confederate officer.

But there was no memorial acknowledging the remains that existed underground.

On my way out of Charleston, I stopped at the site to photograph those ball fields and parking lots. I couldn’t stop thinking about the history they obscured. On my drive home to Philadelphia, I wondered what other unmarked African American burial grounds existed in the United States. I didn’t know it then, but I had started a photography project that continues today.

Across the country, African American burial grounds have been paved over by parking lots, performance halls and highways. Some have a marker; other sites have been erased or forgotten.

Thirty six graves of people of African descent were discovered during construction of the Gaillard Center in Charleston, S.C.Caroline Gutman for The New York Times
A historic map of Scanlonville includes the Scanlonville Cemetery, also known as Remley Point Cemetery.Caroline Gutman for The New York Times

My reporting first brought me to a strip mall in northeast Baltimore, where a Food Depot, Dollar General and Shoppers World sat on top of the remains of over 10,000 graves. The former site, Laurel Cemetery, was a prominent African American burial ground for over a century before it was closed in 1958. In Philadelphia, an African American burial site also known as the Bethel Burying Ground was in my old neighborhood. I learned of unmarked graves in Ellicott City, Md., and Washington, D.C. The more I asked, the more sites people told me about.

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Photography | Where the wild things are

Photography | Where the wild things are

Parag Bhatt was bitten by the photography bug thanks to his father who had a darkroom at home where he would develop film and enlarge print, but his love for wildlife comes from his mother, who was born in Mombasa, Kenya. She would regale him with stories of how wildlife could be encountered in Kenya when travelling by road. Bhatt’s first trip to Kenya was in 1994 and marked his debut as a wildlife photographer. Since then, he has travelled across the world for the perfect wildlife shot, but Kenya remains a favourite hunting ground. “It has diversity, endless plains, dramatic skies, and beautiful sunsets and sunrises, which provide great opportunities to capture wildlife in its natural habitat,” he says. In 2023, his image of a tusker in Kenya titled ‘The Gentle Giant of Amboseli’ bagged the People’s Vote Award in the ‘Wildlife Non-Professional’ category of the reFocus Photography Awards.

(left to right) A matriarch leads the way across a dry lake bed; a white polar bear forms a constellation with water droplets; and photographer Parag Bhatt

Breaking a 92-year barrier, Choctaw artist brings native brilliance to Venice Biennale

Breaking a 92-year barrier, Choctaw artist brings native brilliance to Venice Biennale

Jeffrey Gibson’s takeover of the U.S. pavilion for this year’s Venice Biennale contemporary art show is a celebration of color, pattern, and craft, which is immediately evident on approaching the bright red facade decorated by a colorful clash of geometry and a foreground dominated by a riot of gigantic red podiums.

Mr. Gibson, a Mississippi Choctaw with Cherokee descent, is the first Native American to represent the United States solo at the Venice Biennale, the world’s oldest contemporary art show. For context, the last time Native American artists were included was in 1932.

Mr. Gibson accepts the weight of the honor, but he prefers to focus on how his participation can forge greater inclusion going forward.

“The first is not the most important story,” Mr. Gibson told The Associated Press this week before the pavilion’s inauguration on April 18. “The first is hopefully the beginning of many, many, many more stories to come.”

The commission, his first major show in Europe, comes at a pivotal moment for Mr. Gibson. His 2023 book “An Indigenous Present” features more than 60 Indigenous artists, and he has two major new projects, a facade commission for the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and an exhibition at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art.

Mr. Gibson’s eye-catching exhibition titled “the space in which to place me,” features text in beadwork sculptures and paintings taken from U.S. founding documents, music, sermons, and proverbs to remind the viewer of the broken promises of equity through U.S. history. The vibrant use of color projects optimism. In that way, Mr. Gibson’s art is a call to action.

Luca Bruno/AP

Mr. Gibson mixes Western modernism and Native American craft in his vibrantly hued paintings and sculptures.

“What I find so beautiful about Jeffrey’s work is its ability to function as a prism, to take the traumas of the past and the questions about identity and politics and refract them in such a way that things that realities that have become flattened … can become these beautiful kaleidoscopes, which are joyous and celebratory and critical all at the same time,” said Abigail Winograd, one of the exhibition’s curators.

“When I see people walk through the pavilion and kind of gasp when they walk from room to room, that’s exactly what we wanted,” Ms. Winograd said.

Entering the pavilion, the beaded bodices of sculptures in human form are emblazoned with dates of U.S. legislation that promised equity, the beading cascading into colorful fringe. A painting quotes George Washington writing, “Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth,” in geometric letters that meld into a colorful patterned background.

By identifying specific moments in U.S. history, Mr. Gibson said that he wants to underline that “people who are fighting for equity and justice today, we’re not the first.

“This has been a line in the history of American culture. But I’m hoping that people will think about why … some of these things … have either been revoked or have not come into fruition,” he said.

Craft is at the center of Mr. Gibson’s art, both in defiance of past denigration of craft and as a way to confront “the traumatic histories of Native American people,” he said.

“There is something very healing about the cycle of making,” Mr. Gibson explained.

The pavilion’s intricate beaded sculptures owe a debt to Native American makers of the past without imitating them, employing couture techniques to create something completely new. In the way of his forebears, Mr. Gibson uses beads sourced from all over the world, including vintage beads from Japan and China, and glass beads from the Venetian island of Murano.

Luca Bruno/AP

“When I see people walk through the pavilion and kind of gasp when they walk from room to room, that’s exactly what we wanted,” said curator Abigail Winograd.

Paper works incorporate vintage beadwork purchased from websites, estate, and garage sales in mixed media displays that honor the generations of Native American makers that preceded him.

Mr. Gibson’s themes fit well into the message of inclusion of the main Biennale exhibition, titled “Stranieri Ovunque – Strangers Everywhere,” which runs in tandem with around 90 national pavilions from April 20 to Nov. 24.

His personal history has placed him firmly in what he calls the “diasporic history of Indigenous people.” His father’s job took his family abroad when he was a child to Germany and then South Korea, and he later studied in Chicago and London. His partner is Norwegian artist Rune Olsen.

Through all of this, Mr. Gibson has picked up traditions and practices that go beyond his Indigenous background.

“I’ve looked at op art, pattern, and decoration. I’ve looked at psychedelia, I have taken part in rave culture and queer culture and drag and the whole spectrum,” Mr. Gibson said.

“And so for me, I would not be telling you the whole truth if I only chose to spoke about indigeneity. But my body is an Indigenous body – it’s all funneled through this body,’’ he said. “And so my hope is that by telling my experience, that everyone else can project their own kind of intersected, layered experience into the world.”

This story was reported by The Associated Press.

In Venice, Jeffrey Gibson Envelops the U.S. Pavilion in Kaleidoscopic Color and Flawed Promises

In Venice, Jeffrey Gibson Envelops the U.S. Pavilion in Kaleidoscopic Color and Flawed Promises

Left: “The Enforcer” (2024). Right: “WE WANT TO BE FREE”(2024). Mural: “WE ARE MADE BY HISTORY” (2024). All photos by Timothy Schenck, shared with permission

Written in blocky, bright typography, “We hold these truths to be self-evident” wraps the top of the neoclassical facade of the U.S. Pavilion at the 60th Venice Biennale. The opening lines from the Declaration of Independence greet visitors to the groundbreaking exhibition the space in which to place me by artist Jeffrey Gibson, the first Indigenous artist to represent the U.S. with a solo exhibition.

A member of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians and Cherokee descent, Gibson has established a distinct visual language that incorporates psychedelic color palettes, text, graphic forms, and various materials with references to Indigenous life, queer culture, literature, music, and more.

In Venice, the artist invokes Layli Long Soldier’s “Ȟe Sápa, One,” a poem with a distinct geometric shape not unlike the ones he creates visually. As curator Kathleen Ash-Milby says, the work “extends the timeline of Indigenous histories. Jeffrey combines ancient aesthetic and material modalities with early 19th- and 20th-century Native practices to propose an Indigenous future of our own determination.”

 

a brightly colored geometric wrap covers a neoclassical building with a red sculpture out front

Exterior view of ‘the space in which to place me’ (2024)

In Gibson’s practice and this project, language plays a critical role. Additional phrases appear throughout the exhibition, including on the bodies of two new monumental figures dressed in beads, fringe, and tin jingles. Titled “The Enforcer” and “WE WANT TO BE FREE,” the sculptures loom large and include lines from Reconstruction-era constitutional amendments along with the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924,  a long-overdue law granting basic rights to Indigenous people.

In another gallery are Gibson’s beaded birds, which draw on the Indigenous craft tradition of whimsies. A recurring interest for the artist, the objects “fell into a category of being kitsch novelty because they weren’t seen as being Native enough or Victorian enough for the times they were being made in,” he said. Beaded motifs also appear on a punching bag and a new trio of busts with long hair cloaking the faces, the latter of which is “intentionally indeterminate” in culture and aesthetics.

 

two small beaded bird sculptures stand in a gallery with boldly painted graphic works on the walls behind

Birds from left to right: “we are the witnesses” (2024) and “if there is no struggle there is no progress” (2024). Wall works from left to right: “BIRDS FLYING HIGH YOU KNOW HOW I FEEL” (2024) and “IF YOU WANT TO LIFT YOURSELF UP LIFT UP SOMEONE ELSE” (2024)

Large-scale murals and paintings line the walls of each gallery, enveloping the sculptures and viewers in electrifying patchwork. As detailed in a lengthy profile in The New York Times, color plays a crucial role for the artist and his links to Native and queer traditions. “We’ve been dismissed as garish and too much because of our use of color,” he said. Instead, he uses such kaleidoscopic compositions to shift the perspective and offer a different view of past and present. With the pavilion, he “wanted to map out some moments in American history when there is this real promise of equality, liberty, and justice and then think about what those terms mean.”

the space in which to place me will be on view in Venice from April 20 to November 24. It’s worth picking up a copy of An Indigenous Present, Gibson’s critically acclaimed survey of Native North American art, to learn more about his thinking and work.

 

a red room with a beaded and fringed punching bad suspended from the center

“WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT” (2024)

two paintings bookend a bust with long beaded hair

From left to right: “THE RETURNED MALE STUDENT FAR TOO FREQUENTLY GOES BACK TO THE RESERVATION AND FALLS INTO THE OLD CUSTOM OF LETTING HIS HAIR GROW LONG” (2024), “I’M A NATURAL MAN (2024), “LIBERTY WHEN IT BEGINS TO TAKE ROOT IS A PLANT OF RAPID GROWTH” (2024)

part of a building with flags and geometric color blocks with the words be self evident wrapped around the top

Exterior view of ‘the space in which to place me’ (2024)

Detail of “WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT” (2024)

a small beaded bird sculpture stands in a gallery with several paintings and a large mural on the walls surrounding

Wall works from left to right: “BIRDS FLYING HIGH YOU KNOW HOW I FEEL” (2024), “IF YOU WANT TO LIFT YOURSELF UP LIFT UP SOMEONE ELSE” (2024), “GIVE MY LIFE SOMETHING EXTRA” (2024), “THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE” (2024). Bird: “we are the witnesses” (2024)

bright red sculptures stand in the center of a courtyard of a neoclassical building

Exterior view of ‘the space in which to place me’ (2024)

Do stories and artists like this matter to you? Become a Colossal Member today and support independent arts publishing for as little as $5 per month. The article In Venice, Jeffrey Gibson Envelops the U.S. Pavilion in Kaleidoscopic Color and Flawed Promises appeared first on Colossal.

Photography is ‘mirror on society’: Sebastiao Salgado

Photography is ‘mirror on society’: Sebastiao Salgado
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He might be 80 but Sebastiao Salgado, the Brazilian photojournalist who has spent five decades chronicling the world around us, is not ready to hang up his camera yet. 

Salgado, known in particular for his work in the Amazon, insists there is still a need to “raise awareness” about the deforestation of the planet.

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Photography is ‘mirror on society’: Sebastiao Salgado

Photography is ‘mirror on society’: Sebastiao Salgado
image

He might be 80 but Sebastiao Salgado, the Brazilian photojournalist who has spent five decades chronicling the world around us, is not ready to hang up his camera yet. 

Salgado, known in particular for his work in the Amazon, insists there is still a need to “raise awareness” about the deforestation of the planet.

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